KVKK and GDPR compliance patterns - consent management, right to erasure, breach notification, audit logging, cookie consent, and data classification.
npx skills add https://github.com/vibeeval/vibecosystem --skill kvkk-compliance
Practical patterns for Turkish KVKK (Law No. 6698) and EU GDPR data protection compliance.
| Aspect | KVKK (Turkey) | GDPR (EU) |
|--------|---------------|-----------|
| Authority | KVKK Board (Kisisel Verileri Koruma Kurumu) | National DPAs + EDPB |
| Consent | Explicit, no pre-ticked boxes | Freely given, specific, informed |
| Breach notification | "As soon as possible" to Board | 72 hours to DPA |
| DPO requirement | VERBiS registration | Mandatory for public bodies + large-scale |
| Right to erasure | Article 7 - withdrawal + deletion | Article 17 - "Right to be forgotten" |
| Data transfer abroad | Board approval or adequate country | Adequacy decision, SCCs, or BCRs |
| Fines | Up to ~2M TL per violation | Up to 20M EUR or 4% global turnover |
| Legal bases | 5 in Article 5 + explicit consent | 6 in Article 6 + explicit consent |
enum DataCategory {
PERSONAL = 'personal', // name, email, phone
SPECIAL = 'special_category', // health, biometrics, religion
ANONYMOUS = 'anonymous', // cannot identify anyone
PSEUDONYMOUS = 'pseudonymous', // identifiable only with additional data
}
interface DataField {
name: string
category: DataCategory
retentionDays: number
requiresExplicitConsent: boolean
encryptAtRest: boolean
}
const USER_DATA_FIELDS: DataField[] = [
{ name: 'email', category: DataCategory.PERSONAL, retentionDays: 730, requiresExplicitConsent: false, encryptAtRest: false },
{ name: 'healthRecords', category: DataCategory.SPECIAL, retentionDays: 365, requiresExplicitConsent: true, encryptAtRest: true },
{ name: 'analyticsId', category: DataCategory.PSEUDONYMOUS, retentionDays: 365, requiresExplicitConsent: false, encryptAtRest: false },
]
// BAD: single "accept all" checkbox - violates both KVKK and GDPR
// <input type="checkbox" /> I accept everything
// GOOD: granular, purpose-specific consent
interface ConsentRecord {
userId: string; purpose: string; granted: boolean
timestamp: Date; ipAddress: string; version: string
}
const CONSENT_PURPOSES = [
{ id: 'essential', label: 'Service operation', required: true },
{ id: 'analytics', label: 'Usage analytics', required: false },
{ id: 'marketing', label: 'Marketing emails', required: false },
{ id: 'third_party', label: 'Third-party sharing', required: false },
] as const
async function recordConsent(userId: string, purposeId: string, granted: boolean, meta: { ip: string; userAgent: string }): Promise<ConsentRecord> {
// Always INSERT, never UPDATE - full audit trail
return db.consentRecords.create({
data: { userId, purpose: purposeId, granted, timestamp: new Date(), ipAddress: meta.ip, version: CURRENT_CONSENT_VERSION },
})
}
async function hasActiveConsent(userId: string, purposeId: string): Promise<boolean> {
const latest = await db.consentRecords.findFirst({
where: { userId, purpose: purposeId },
orderBy: { timestamp: 'desc' },
})
return latest?.granted === true
}
const GRACE_PERIOD_DAYS = 30
async function requestAccountDeletion(userId: string): Promise<void> {
await db.users.update({ where: { id: userId }, data: { status: 'deletion_pending', deactivatedAt: new Date() } })
await db.deletionRequests.create({
data: { userId, requestedAt: new Date(), gracePeriodEndsAt: new Date(Date.now() + GRACE_PERIOD_DAYS * 86400000), status: 'pending' },
})
}
// Scheduled job: purge after grace period
async function purgeExpiredAccounts(): Promise<void> {
const expired = await db.deletionRequests.findMany({
where: { status: 'pending', gracePeriodEndsAt: { lte: new Date() } },
})
for (const req of expired) {
await db.$transaction(async (tx) => {
await tx.users.update({
where: { id: req.userId },
data: { email: `deleted-${req.userId}@anon.local`, fullName: 'Deleted User', phone: null, address: null, status: 'deleted' },
})
// Anonymize consent records (retain for legal proof, not delete)
await tx.consentRecords.updateMany({
where: { userId: req.userId },
data: { userId: `deleted-${req.userId}`, ipAddress: 'REDACTED' }
})
await tx.orders.updateMany({ where: { userId: req.userId }, data: { userEmail: null, userName: 'Deleted User' } })
await tx.deletionRequests.update({ where: { id: req.id }, data: { status: 'completed', completedAt: new Date() } })
})
}
}
const COOKIE_CATEGORIES = {
necessary: { name: 'Strictly Necessary', required: true },
functional: { name: 'Functional', required: false },
analytics: { name: 'Analytics', required: false },
marketing: { name: 'Marketing', required: false },
} as const
type CookiePrefs = Record<keyof typeof COOKIE_CATEGORIES, boolean>
// BAD: set tracking cookies before consent
// document.cookie = '_ga=GA1.2.123; max-age=63072000'
// GOOD: only after explicit consent per category
function applyCookiePreferences(prefs: CookiePrefs): void {
initSessionCookies() // always allowed
prefs.analytics ? initGoogleAnalytics() : removeAnalyticsCookies()
prefs.marketing ? initMarketingPixels() : removeMarketingCookies()
document.cookie = `cookie_consent=${JSON.stringify(prefs)}; path=/; max-age=${365 * 86400}; SameSite=Lax; Secure`
}
const NOTIFICATION_DEADLINE_HOURS = 72
async function reportBreach(breach: { detectedAt: Date; severity: string; affectedCount: number; dataTypes: string[]; description: string }): Promise<void> {
const record = await db.dataBreaches.create({ data: { ...breach, notifiedAuthorityAt: null, notifiedUsersAt: null } })
const deadline = new Date(breach.detectedAt.getTime() + NOTIFICATION_DEADLINE_HOURS * 3600000)
// GDPR Art 33: notify authority within 72h | KVKK: "as soon as possible"
await notifyDataProtectionAuthority({ breachId: record.id, deadline, ...breach })
// GDPR Art 34: high-risk breaches require user notification
if (breach.severity === 'high' || breach.severity === 'critical') {
await notifyAffectedUsers(record.id)
}
}
interface AuditLogEntry {
actorId: string; actorRole: string
action: 'read' | 'create' | 'update' | 'delete' | 'export'
resourceType: string; resourceId: string
fieldsAccessed: string[]; ipAddress: string
justification?: string
}
async function logDataAccess(entry: AuditLogEntry): Promise<void> {
// Append-only table - no UPDATE or DELETE allowed on audit_logs
await db.$executeRaw`
INSERT INTO audit_logs (actor_id, actor_role, action, resource_type, resource_id, fields_accessed, ip_address, justification, timestamp)
VALUES (${entry.actorId}, ${entry.actorRole}, ${entry.action}, ${entry.resourceType}, ${entry.resourceId}, ${JSON.stringify(entry.fieldsAccessed)}, ${entry.ipAddress}, ${entry.justification || null}, NOW())
`
}
// Express middleware: auto-log every personal data access
function auditMiddleware(resourceType: string) {
return (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
const origJson = res.json.bind(res)
res.json = (body: unknown) => {
const actionMap: Record<string, string> = {
GET: 'read', POST: 'create', PUT: 'update', PATCH: 'update', DELETE: 'delete'
}
logDataAccess({
actorId: req.user?.id || 'anon',
actorRole: req.user?.role || 'unknown',
action: actionMap[req.method] || 'read',
resourceType,
resourceId: req.params.id || 'list',
fieldsAccessed: Object.keys((body as Record<string, unknown>) || {}),
ipAddress: req.ip || '',
}).catch(console.error)
return origJson(body)
}
next()
}
}
Controller identity [ ] Company name, address, contact, VERBiS number
Data collected [ ] Full list of categories with examples
Legal basis [ ] Purpose + legal basis for each activity
Retention periods [ ] How long each type is kept
Data subject rights [ ] Access, rectification, erasure, portability, objection
Consent withdrawal [ ] Clear opt-out instructions
Cookie policy [ ] Categories, purposes, opt-out
International transfer [ ] Countries, safeguards (SCCs, adequacy)
Third parties [ ] Processors and sub-processors
Automated decisions [ ] Profiling details, right to object
Breach procedure [ ] Notification timeline and method
DPO contact [ ] Data Protection Officer details
Every third-party processor needs a Data Processing Agreement with these clauses:
Subject & duration What data, how long, why
Processor obligations Process only on documented instructions
Sub-processors Prior written auth, flow-down obligations
Security measures Encryption, access controls, incident response
Audit rights Controller can inspect compliance
Data return/deletion Return or destroy data at contract end
Breach notification Notify controller without undue delay
International transfer SCCs if data leaves TR/EU
// BAD: blanket consent - violates KVKK Art 3, GDPR Art 7
function BadForm() {
return (
<form>
<label><input type="checkbox" /> I agree to privacy policy, marketing, tracking, and sharing.</label>
<button>Sign Up</button>
</form>
)
}
// GOOD: granular opt-in per purpose
function GoodForm() {
return (
<form>
<fieldset>
<legend>Data Processing Consent</legend>
<label><input type="checkbox" checked disabled /> Account operation (required)</label>
<label><input type="checkbox" name="analytics" /> Usage analytics</label>
<label><input type="checkbox" name="marketing" /> Marketing emails</label>
<label><input type="checkbox" name="third_party" /> Partner sharing (<a href="/privacy">details</a>)</label>
</fieldset>
<p>Change preferences anytime in account settings.</p>
<button>Sign Up</button>
</form>
)
}
Core rule: Compliance is not a one-time feature. Build data protection into every flow, log every access, and assume regulators will ask "show me the evidence."
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