Add Resource

Adding a new resource to posthog-definitions

This skill is the playbook for extending posthog-definitions with a new PostHog resource type. It covers the _what to change and why_, not the line-by-line code — copy the existing dashboard/insight pair as a reference and adapt.

When to use

The user wants to manage a new PostHog resource as code, e.g.:

• "Let's add feature flags."
• "I want to define cohorts in TypeScript."
• "Add survey support to apply."

If the user only wants a one-off API call or a script, this is the wrong tool — this skill is for resources that should join the load → validate → diff → execute pipeline.

Before you touch anything

Re-read these three files. The whole architecture is in them:

• docs/implementation/architecture.md — the pipeline shape.
• docs/implementation/identity.md — the tag-based identity rule.
• docs/implementation/apply.md — load / diff / execute in detail.

Then read both existing implementations side by side. The insight implementation is the simpler one and is closer to what most new resources will look like:

• src/resources/insight/sdk.ts — the Insight type and insight() factory.
• src/resources/insight/client.ts — ServerInsight plus the HTTP wrappers, including listManagedInsights.
• src/resources/insight/pipeline.ts — tag/key/hash/payload, validate, execute, prune, and display functions.
• src/resources/insight/index.ts — public exports plus the insightResource registration object.

If the new resource has _references to other resources_ (the way dashboards reference insights via tiles), study the dashboard pair as well — it shows the cross-resource id resolution pattern (ctx.insightIdByKey, populated by the insight module's executor and read by the dashboard module).

The safety invariant (non-negotiable)

The CLI must never read, modify, or delete a resource it did not tag. Hand-built resources in the same project must be byte-identical before and after apply.

Two mechanisms enforce this — both must be replicated for the new resource:

• List filter. list<Resource> only returns rows whose tags contain iac:<resource>:<...>. See listManagedInsights in src/resources/insight/client.ts.
• Pre-write assertion. Before any PATCH or DELETE, refetch the row and confirm its iac:<resource>:<key> tag is still there. If it's been removed (e.g. an operator stripped it in the UI), abort with SafetyViolationError. See assertManagedInsight in src/resources/insight/pipeline.ts.

If the resource's API has no tags field, the identity carrier changes but the invariant doesn't:

• Singleton resources (one row per project, e.g. project settings) → use the sibling skill add-singleton-resource. No identity needed; field-level diff, PATCH-only.
• Collection resources without tags (e.g. endpoints) → carry identity in the description (or another free-form text field the API round-trips). Append a trailing HTML comment marker, anchored to end-of-string:

  <user description>

  <!-- iac:<resources>:<key> iac:hash:<hex> -->

List filter: description.includes("<!-- iac:<resources>:"). Pre-write assertion: refetch, confirm the marker is still the trailing content. Display functions must strip the marker before rendering so spec ↔ server diffs line up. See src/resources/endpoint/pipeline.ts for the reference.

The safety invariant survives because rows without the marker (or with the marker no longer at end-of-string) are invisible to the CLI.

Directory layout for a new resource

Each new resource lives in its own self-contained directory under src/resources/<resource>/. The directory is the unit of contribution: everything a reviewer needs to understand the resource is co-located, and the generic pipeline (under src/apply/) is the only thing that depends on it.

src/resources/foo/
├── sdk.ts               user-facing factory + the Foo type
├── client.ts            ServerFooSchema (Zod) + list/get/create/update wrappers
├── pipeline.ts          serialize, validate, diff, execute, format — pipeline plumbing
├── pipeline.test.ts     hash determinism, diff op selection, safety invariant
├── client.test.ts       Zod schema parses real fixtures (only if non-trivial shape)
└── index.ts             public surface + registration object for the pipeline

For a hypothetical resource Foo (substitute the real noun), here is the per-file content. Order matters — earlier files' types feed later ones.

| # | File | What it contains |

| --- | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

| 1 | src/resources/foo/sdk.ts | The Foo user-facing type and the foo(spec): Foo factory helper. |

| 2 | src/resources/foo/client.ts | ServerFooSchema (Zod, with ServerFoo derived via z.infer) + list/get/create/update HTTP wrappers that .parse() every response. listManagedFoos filters by iac:foos: tag. |

| 3 | src/resources/foo/pipeline.ts | fooTag(key), fooKeyFromTags(tags), fooHashFromTags(tags), looksLikeFoo(value), fooHash(spec), fooPayload(spec, hash), validateFoos(specs, state), assertManagedFoo (private), runFooOp(config, op, ctx, options), pruneFoo(config, orphan, options), displayFoo(spec), displayFooFromServer(server). |

| 4 | src/resources/foo/index.ts | Re-export foo and Foo for users; export a fooResource registration object that the generic pipeline picks up. |

| 5 | src/resources/index.ts | Add fooResource to the RESOURCES array. |

| 6 | src/index.ts | Re-export foo and the Foo type for SDK users. |

Each resource is fully self-contained: SDK types live next to its sdk.ts, never in a shared sdk/ directory. If two resources need to share a type, the dependent resource imports from the producer's sdk.ts directly (the way dashboard tiles import Insight from src/resources/insight/sdk.ts). Generic pipeline orchestration (hash, file load, the apply driver, plan formatter) stays in src/apply/. The CLI does not change — it iterates the registry.

Resource-kind discriminator

The loader routes each loaded default export to the resource whose isSpec(value) returns true. Several resources share a structural shape (insights, endpoints, and dashboards all have {key, name, query | tiles}), so isSpec cannot rely on shape alone.

Every user-facing factory must install a non-enumerable kind marker, and every looksLike<Resource> must check it first:

// sdk.ts
import { markResourceKind } from "../types.js";

export function foo(spec: Foo): Foo {
  return markResourceKind(spec, "foo");
}

// pipeline.ts
import { getResourceKind } from "../types.js";

export function looksLikeFoo(value: unknown): value is Foo {
  return getResourceKind(value) === "foo";
}

If the resource may also appear inline inside another resource's spec (the way insights appear inside dashboard tiles) and could bypass the factory, fall back to a structural check when getResourceKind returns undefined — but the marker check must come first so factory-produced specs route deterministically.

Server ids

ResourceOp.serverId is number | string. Cast to the concrete type your API uses at the call site. For resources addressed by something other than a numeric id (e.g. endpoints, which are keyed by name in the URL), use op.server.<field> in executeOp and prune rather than op.serverId.

Identity tag

Pick a stable plural slug for the resource and use it everywhere:

• List filter: tag.startsWith("iac:foos:")
• Identity tag: iac:foos:<key>
• Hash tag (shared, do not duplicate): iac:hash:<hex>

Match the existing convention: lowercase, plural, colon-separated. The slug becomes part of every tagged record in the user's project, so it is effectively a public API — pick once, change never.

API response validation with Zod

New resources must validate every response from the PostHog API with a Zod schema. The PostHog API is the only external boundary in this codebase and is the right place to fail loudly when the shape we expect drifts. Casting JSON.parse(text) as ServerFoo (what the dashboard/insight client modules still do, via request<T> in src/client/http.ts) is the _legacy_ path — do not extend it. Those two will be migrated to Zod separately; new resources start on the validated path.

If zod is not yet in package.json, add it: pnpm add zod. One-time cost for the first resource that adopts this.

Pattern for src/resources/foo/client.ts:

import { z } from "zod";

export const ServerFooSchema = z
  .object({
    id: z.number(),
    name: z.string(),
    description: z.string().nullable().optional(),
    tags: z.array(z.string()).default([]),
    // … only the fields posthog-definitions actually reads
  })
  .passthrough();

export type ServerFoo = z.infer<typeof ServerFooSchema>;

const PaginatedFooSchema = z.object({
  next: z.string().nullable(),
  previous: z.string().nullable(),
  results: z.array(ServerFooSchema),
});

Then in every wrapper, .parse() the response before returning. A failure surfaces as a ZodError with a precise path into the payload, which is what you want for "the API changed shape" debugging.

Rules of thumb:

• Use .passthrough() on the root object. The PostHog API returns dozens of fields per resource; only schema the ones posthog-definitions reads. .passthrough() keeps unknown fields without making them part of the type.
• Be strict on the fields you _do_ read. No z.unknown() or z.any() for those — that defeats the whole point.
• Mirror server nullability faithfully. PostHog often returns null rather than omitting a field. Use .nullable() (allows null) vs .optional() (allows missing) deliberately — they mean different things on the wire.
• No defaults that mask bugs. Use .default([]) only when the API genuinely may omit the field; otherwise let the parse fail.
• Parse, don't safeParse in the happy path. A schema failure is a bug (ours or PostHog's), not a recoverable runtime condition. Let it throw; the CLI's existing error handling will surface it.
• Inline-validate the paginated wrapper too. paginate<T> in src/client/http.ts currently casts — wrap it for new resources by parsing the page schema at the call site.

What _not_ to schema:

• Outgoing request bodies. They are constructed from typed Foo specs we already control; Zod adds nothing.
• Response fields posthog-definitions never reads. Keeping them in .passthrough() is enough.

Hashing

Reuse specHash from src/apply/hash.ts on a canonical projection of the desired spec, exported from pipeline.ts as fooPayloadHash. The projection must:

• Include every field the API round-trips.
• Exclude server-only fields (id, created_at, …).
• Exclude managed tags (the iac:* ones) — they are not user-authored.
• Be stable under key reordering (the hash function canonicalises, but don't rely on it for arrays of objects — sort by a stable key if order is irrelevant).

If hashing misses a field, that field will silently fail to sync on update. If it includes a server-generated field, every apply will be marked dirty. The canonical examples to copy from are dashboardSpecForHash in src/resources/dashboard/pipeline.ts and insightSpecForHash in src/resources/insight/pipeline.ts.

Cross-resource references

If Foo references another resource by key (e.g. a survey references a feature flag), do not include the referenced server id in the hash — it is environment-specific. Include the _key_ and resolve to the id at execute time, the way dashboards resolve insight ids via insightIdByKey in the legacy src/apply/execute.ts.

Plan the execute ordering: dependencies must be created before dependents. The simplest model is two passes: create all Foos first if other resources reference them, then move on.

Validation

In pipeline.ts, export validateFoos(state): string[] returning all issues. Cover at minimum:

• key is required and unique.
• name is required.
• Any resource-specific invariants (e.g. survey must have at least one question).
• Cross-resource references resolve.

Push every error into the returned array — do not bail on the first. The generic pipeline driver aggregates issues across resources and throws ValidationError once at the end. The CLI shows all problems at once.

Plan rendering

In pipeline.ts, also export:

• A displayFoo and displayFooFromServer pair returning a DisplayValue tree.
• A renderFooOp matching the legacy renderInsightOp / renderDashboardOp.

The generic plan formatter calls renderFooOp for each op and stacks them with the per-resource counts.

The shape that comes out of displayFooFromServer must match displayFoo (same field order, same value coercions), otherwise the diff renderer will show spurious changes on unchanged rows.

Registration (no CLI change)

The CLI does not change. Each resource exports a registration object from its index.ts that the generic driver picks up:

// src/resources/foo/index.ts
import { foo, type Foo } from "./sdk.js";
import type { ApplyContext, ResourceModule } from "../types.js";
import { listManagedFoos, type ServerFoo } from "./client.js";
import {
  FOO_TAG_PREFIX,
  displayFoo,
  displayFooFromServer,
  fooHash,
  fooHashFromTags,
  fooKeyFromTags,
  looksLikeFoo,
  pruneFoo,
  runFooOp,
  validateFoos,
} from "./pipeline.js";

export { foo } from "./sdk.js";
export type { Foo } from "./sdk.js";

export const fooResource: ResourceModule<Foo, ServerFoo> = {
  name: "foos",
  displayName: "foo",
  identityPrefix: FOO_TAG_PREFIX,

  isSpec: looksLikeFoo,
  specKey: (spec) => spec.key,

  list: listManagedFoos,
  keyFromServer: (server) => fooKeyFromTags(server.tags),
  hashFromServer: (server) => fooHashFromTags(server.tags),

  hash: fooHash,
  validate: (specs, state) => validateFoos(specs, state),
  executeOp: runFooOp,
  prune: pruneFoo,

  displaySpec: (spec, _ctx: ApplyContext) => displayFoo(spec),
  displayServer: (server, _ctx: ApplyContext) => displayFooFromServer(server),
};

Then add it to the registry, in the order it should run relative to other resources (dependencies before dependents):

// src/resources/index.ts
export const RESOURCES = [insightResource, dashboardResource, fooResource];

That is the only place the new resource becomes visible to the pipeline. apply's load, validate, diff, execute, and plan-render steps all iterate RESOURCES and dispatch through each module's hooks.

Unit tests (required for new resources)

The pipeline's pure functions are testable with no mocking; the test budget per new resource is small but non-negotiable. Use Node's built-in test runner — no test framework dependency. Run with pnpm test.

Three reference test files exist:

• src/apply/hash.test.ts — specHash determinism, key-order invariance, leaf sensitivity (shared across all resources).
• src/resources/insight/pipeline.test.ts — op selection (create / update / unchanged / orphan) plus the safety invariant test for insights.
• src/resources/dashboard/pipeline.test.ts — same coverage for dashboards.

For a new resource Foo, add src/resources/foo/pipeline.test.ts covering:

• create when desired exists and server is empty.
• unchanged when desired hash matches the server's iac:hash: tag.
• update when the server hash differs.
• orphan when a server row has iac:foos:<key> but no matching spec.
• Safety invariant: a server row without any iac:* tag produces zero ops _and_ zero orphans. This is the test that protects hand-built resources in a shared project.

The factory pattern (serverRow in either pipeline.test.ts) builds a server row with the right iac:foos:<key> and iac:hash:<hex> tags — copy it. The hash for "unchanged" cases must come from fooHash; call it from the test rather than hard-coding a hex.

If the Zod schema for Foo is non-trivial, also add src/resources/foo/client.test.ts with two cases:

• Real-shaped fixture parses cleanly.
• Fixture with a missing required field throws.

Fixtures should be hand-authored from an actual curl against the PostHog API, not invented — the whole point of the Zod schema is to catch drift from the real wire format.

Do not write tests for HTTP wrappers, plan rendering, or filesystem loading. The manual dev-project flow covers those at the right level.

Test files run under a 500ms per-case timeout (--test-timeout=500 in the test script). Anything slower means a hang — fix the test, do not raise the cap.

Examples (required)

Every new resource ships with at least one example under examples/posthog/<resources>/. Examples are the in-repo cheat-sheet anyone reading the SDK skims before authoring their own definitions, and they double as the surface that the dry-run smoke test in the verification flow below exercises.

Match the existing style — see examples/posthog/cohorts/, examples/posthog/feature-flags/, and examples/posthog/experiments/ for the canonical shape:

• Generic B2B SaaS as the implied product. Trial signups, paid plans, seats, support tickets, churn — the kind of fictional product anyone reading the repo can map onto their own. Do not invent a brand or a product name.
• One file, one default-exported resource. Same pattern every other example uses. File name mirrors the resource key.
• Light dry asides, not overt jokes. A one-line aside in the description or a top-of-file comment is plenty — "useful for spotting which acquisition channels are trending", "maintained by the growth team via the UI / CSV upload". The voice is realistic-with-a-wink, not parody.
• 2–3 examples for a collection resource, 1 for a singleton. Cover meaningfully different SDK shapes — e.g. for cohorts, one behavioral / one static; for feature flags, one boolean kill-switch / one multivariate with payloads; for experiments, one full set (experiment + flag + holdout + saved metric).
• Top-of-file comments explain what the _file_ demonstrates, not what the resource is ("Reusable property group: events that touch billing share this shape so the typed client can enforce consistent property names …"). The reader already knows what a cohort is; they're skimming to learn how to author one.

Then run pnpm dev apply --dry-run --dir examples/posthog and confirm the new files load cleanly with no validation errors. The full examples directory is part of the verification flow below — this is just the quick local check.

Verification (manual, end-to-end)

Unit tests catch the easy failures; the manual flow catches everything else. Run against the dev project:

• pnpm typecheck — must pass.
• The example(s) from the "Examples" section above are what we'll dry-run against in the next step.
• npx posthog-definitions apply --dry-run --dir examples/posthog against the dev project. Inspect the plan output: counts make sense, no spurious diffs, no orphan listing of hand-built resources.
• npx posthog-definitions apply. Confirm the resource appears in the PostHog UI with the iac:foos:<key> and iac:hash:<hex> tags.
• Run apply again with no changes. The plan must show 0 to create · 0 to update · N unchanged for the new resource. If even one row is "to update" on a no-op apply, the hash projection is wrong — fix it before moving on.
• Edit the spec, re-apply. Confirm an update op.
• Delete the spec file, re-apply. Confirm the resource appears as an _orphan_ (left alone, not deleted — MVP doesn't do deletes).
• Manually create a _hand-built_ Foo in the UI without any iac: tags. Re-apply. Confirm the hand-built one is untouched.

The last step is the safety invariant smoke test. Do not skip it.

Update the support matrix

After the resource ships, flip its row from ❌ to ✅ in docs/resources.md.

Update the README

The top-level README.md lists supported resources in its intro sentence and the required API scopes in the "Authenticate" step. Add the new resource to the intro list and append its read/write scope(s) to the bullet list. If the resource reuses an existing scope (e.g. holdouts under experiment:*), note it inline rather than duplicating the bullet.

Deletes

apply is non-destructive by default: orphans (server rows tagged iac:foos:<key> with no matching spec in code) are listed in the plan but left alone. With the --prune flag, apply deletes them.

Pruning must follow the same safety invariant as updates:

• Refetch + assert tag. Before issuing DELETE, refetch the row and confirm iac:foos:<key> is still on it. If the tag has been removed in the UI between fetch and write, abort with SafetyViolationError. The reference is pruneInsight and pruneDashboard in their respective src/resources/<name>/pipeline.ts — both call assertManagedXxx first.
• Tolerate 404. If the row was deleted out-of-band between list and delete, treat it as a successful no-op and continue. The legacy helpers use isNotFound(err) to handle this.
• Use the API's "delete" verb faithfully. PostHog's dashboard/insight delete is a PATCH {deleted: true} (soft delete), not a DELETE. Many other resources use real DELETE. Check what the API does and mirror it.

In pipeline.ts, export runFooPrune(config, orphan, options): Promise<boolean> returning true if a row was deleted, false if it was already gone. The generic driver iterates orphans when --prune is set.

Out-of-scope (do not bundle in)

• Multi-environment. One project per apply run.
• State files. Identity lives in tags on the server, not on disk.
• dev command. Out of MVP scope.

If the resource needs any of these, raise it with the user before writing code — they are roadmap items, not free additions.