Csharp Spector Coverage Gaps

Discovering and implementing Spector coverage gaps for http-client-csharp

Overview

This skill discovers which Spector scenarios the C# emitter (@typespec/http-client-csharp) does not yet cover, then implements the missing test(s). Spector scenarios are defined in @typespec/http-specs and @azure-tools/azure-http-specs. The coverage dashboard is at <https://typespec.io/can-i-use/http/>.

> Note: {PKG} refers to <repo-root>/packages/http-client-csharp throughout this document.

Inputs

You may receive one of:

• "Find coverage gaps" — discover all missing scenarios and present them.
• Spector spec link — a link to a specific spec under packages/http-specs/specs/... or packages/azure-http-specs/specs/....
• Spec name — e.g., http/encode/duration, http/type/model/flatten, http/type/union/discriminated.

Output

• A report of coverage gaps (when discovering).
• New or updated C# NUnit test file(s) under {PKG}/generator/TestProjects/Spector.Tests/Http/.
• Updated {PKG}/generator/TestProjects/Spector.Tests/TestProjects.Spector.Tests.csproj if a new project reference is needed.
• Regenerated client code (via Generate.ps1).

Workflow

• [ ] Ensure prerequisites are met (npm ci, npm run build)
• [ ] Discover coverage gaps or identify the target spec
• [ ] Verify the spec is not in the failing specs list
• [ ] Generate the C# client for the target spec (unstubbed with -Stubbed $false, or use Test-Spector.ps1)
• [ ] Read the generated client to understand the API surface
• [ ] Read the TypeSpec scenario file to understand expected behavior
• [ ] Find or create the test file
• [ ] Implement the test(s) following existing conventions
• [ ] Run the tests using Test-Spector.ps1 -filter "<spec-path>"
• [ ] Validate all tests pass

Prerequisites — Environment setup

Before starting, ensure the build environment is ready. These instructions supersede the repo-root pnpm instructions.

• Install dependencies (from {PKG}):

   cd {PKG}
   npm ci

• Build the package:

   npm run build

> ⚠️ Do NOT run pnpm install or pnpm build at the repo root — only the http-client-csharp package build is needed.

Step 1 — Discover coverage gaps

How specs are filtered

The file {PKG}/eng/scripts/Spector-Helper.psm1 defines which specs are included/excluded:

Failing specs are defined in {PKG}/eng/scripts/Spector-Helper.psm1 in the $failingSpecs array. Always check that file for the current list — do not hardcode specs here.

Azure allow-list (only these Azure specs are tested):

• http/client/structure/client-operation-group
• http/client/structure/default
• http/client/structure/multi-client
• http/client/structure/renamed-operation
• http/client/structure/two-operation-group
• http/resiliency/srv-driven

All other specs from @typespec/http-specs are included by default.

Discovering gaps programmatically

Compare available specs against existing tests. Run this from {PKG}:

Import-Module "{PKG}/eng/scripts/Spector-Helper.psm1" -DisableNameChecking -Force

# Get all valid specs
$specs = Get-Sorted-Specs | ForEach-Object { Get-SubPath $_ }

# Get all test files
$testFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path "{PKG}/generator/TestProjects/Spector.Tests/Http" -Recurse -Filter "*Tests.cs" |
    ForEach-Object { $_.FullName }

# For each spec, check if a corresponding test directory/file exists
foreach ($spec in $specs) {
    $specParts = $spec -replace '/', '\' -split '\\'
    # Convert to expected test path segments
    $testPath = "{PKG}/generator/TestProjects/Spector.Tests/Http"
    # ... check if test exists
}

Alternatively, manually compare the list of specs against existing test files:

Existing test coverage (test directories under Spector.Tests/Http/):

Authentication/ApiKey, Authentication/Http/Custom, Authentication/OAuth2, Authentication/Union
Client/Naming, Client/Structure/{ClientOperationGroup,Default,MultiClient,RenamedOperation,TwoOperationGroup}
Documentation
Encode/{Array,Bytes,DateTime,Numeric}
Parameters/{Basic,BodyOptionality,CollectionFormat,Path,Query,Spread}
Payload/{ContentNegotiation,JsonMergePatch,MediaType,Multipart,Pageable,Xml}
Resiliency/SrvDriven/{V1,V2}
Response/StatusCodeRange
Routes
Serialization/EncodedName/Json
Server/{Endpoint/NotDefined,Path/Multiple,Path/Single,Versions/NotVersioned,Versions/Versioned}
SpecialHeaders/{ConditionalRequest,Repeatability}
Versioning/{Added,MadeOptional,Removed,RenamedFrom,ReturnTypeChangedFrom,TypeChangedFrom}
_Type/{Dictionary,Model/Empty,Model/Inheritance/*,Model/Usage,Model/Visibility,Property/*,Scalar,Union,_Array,_Enum/*}

Accurate gap detection

The naive approach of matching spec paths to test directory names can produce false positives because:

• C# reserved words get underscore-prefixed in test dirs (e.g., type/ → _Type/, array → _Array, enum → _Enum)
• kebab-case gets converted to PascalCase (e.g., content-negotiation → ContentNegotiation)
• Some test files cover a parent spec but not sub-specs (e.g., UnionTests.cs covers type/union but NOT type/union/discriminated)

To find real gaps, verify each candidate by checking whether a test _directory_ exists for the spec's exact path, including sub-paths. A test file at a parent level does NOT cover child specs.

Known failing specs are tracked in $failingSpecs in {PKG}/eng/scripts/Spector-Helper.psm1. Always read that file for the current list.

> Important: The gap list evolves over time. Always re-run the comparison to get current gaps. All committed Spector libraries are stubbed — [SpectorTest] will auto-skip tests unless you regenerate with -Stubbed $false or use Test-Spector.ps1.

Understanding stubbed vs unstubbed generation

All Spector libraries committed to the repository are stubbed. Generate.ps1 defaults to $Stubbed = $true, which passes --option @typespec/http-client-csharp.generator-name=StubLibraryGenerator to the emitter. Stubbed clients use expression-bodied constructors (=>) instead of block bodies ({ }), and the [SpectorTest] attribute automatically skips tests for stubbed clients.

To generate unstubbed code (for local testing), pass -Stubbed $false:

pwsh eng/scripts/Generate.ps1 -filter "<spec-path>" -Stubbed $false

However, the recommended way to test is via Test-Spector.ps1 (see Step 7), which handles the unstubbed regeneration, test execution, and directory restoration automatically.

Step 2 — Read the spec to understand expected behavior

Spec files live in {PKG}/node_modules/@typespec/http-specs/specs/ (or @azure-tools/azure-http-specs/specs/ for Azure specs).

If node_modules is not installed, read from the source at <repo-root>/packages/http-specs/specs/.

Each spec contains:

• main.tsp — the TypeSpec definition with @scenario and @scenarioDoc decorators
• client.tsp (optional) — client-level customizations; takes priority over main.tsp during generation
• tspconfig.yaml (optional in the Spector test project) — C#-specific generation options

Read the @scenarioDoc decorators to understand:

• The HTTP method, path, and expected parameters
• The expected request body shape
• The expected response status code and body
• Any special behavior (e.g., "should return 204", "should send header X")

Step 3 — Generate the C# client for the target spec

Use Generate.ps1 with a filter to generate only the specific spec. By default, Generate.ps1 generates stubbed code (same as what is committed to the repo). To generate unstubbed code for local testing, pass -Stubbed $false:

cd {PKG}
# Generate unstubbed (for local testing/development)
pwsh eng/scripts/Generate.ps1 -filter "<spec-path>" -Stubbed $false

# Generate stubbed (default, matches what is committed to repo)
pwsh eng/scripts/Generate.ps1 -filter "<spec-path>"

Examples:

# Single spec (unstubbed for testing)
pwsh eng/scripts/Generate.ps1 -filter "http/encode/duration" -Stubbed $false

# Versioning spec (generates v1 + v2 automatically)
pwsh eng/scripts/Generate.ps1 -filter "http/versioning/added" -Stubbed $false

The generated code lands in {PKG}/generator/TestProjects/Spector/<spec-path>/src/Generated/.

Verify generation succeeded

# Check that client code was generated
Get-ChildItem "{PKG}/generator/TestProjects/Spector/<spec-path>/src/Generated/" -Filter "*Client.cs"

> Note: All committed Spector libraries are stubbed. The [SpectorTest] attribute automatically skips tests for stubbed clients. Use Test-Spector.ps1 (Step 7) to regenerate unstubbed, run tests, and restore automatically.

Step 4 — Read the generated client API surface

Browse the generated code to understand:

• Client class(es): *Client.cs — the entry point(s)
• Sub-clients: accessed via Get*Client() methods
• Operations: async methods like GetAsync(), PutAsync(body), SendAsync()
• Models: under Models/ — request/response shapes
• Constructor signature: new XClient(Uri endpoint, XClientOptions options) or new XClient(Uri endpoint, KeyCredential credential, XClientOptions options)

Pay attention to:

• Method names (they map to TypeSpec operation names)
• Parameter types (models, primitives, BinaryData)
• Return types (ClientResult, ClientResult<T>, AsyncPageable<T>)

Step 5 — Create or extend the test file

Directory and namespace conventions

The test directory structure mirrors the spec path with these transformations:

• http/ → Http/
• kebab-case → PascalCase (e.g., content-negotiation → ContentNegotiation)
• type/ → _Type/ (leading underscore because Type is a C# keyword)
• array → _Array (same reason)
• enum → _Enum (same reason)

Namespace pattern: TestProjects.Spector.Tests.Http.<PascalCasePath>

Example mappings:

| Spec path | Test directory | Namespace |

| ------------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |

| http/encode/duration | Http/Encode/Duration/ | TestProjects.Spector.Tests.Http.Encode.Duration |

| http/type/union/discriminated | Http/_Type/Union/Discriminated/ | TestProjects.Spector.Tests.Http._Type.Union.Discriminated |

| http/special-words | Http/SpecialWords/ | TestProjects.Spector.Tests.Http.SpecialWords |

Test file template

// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using <GeneratedNamespace>;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace TestProjects.Spector.Tests.Http.<Category>.<SubCategory>
{
    public class <Name>Tests : SpectorTestBase
    {
        [SpectorTest]
        public Task <ScenarioName>() => Test(async (host) =>
        {
            var response = await new <Client>(host, null).<Method>Async(<args>);
            Assert.AreEqual(<expectedStatusCode>, response.GetRawResponse().Status);
        });
    }
}

Common test patterns

Simple void operation (204 response):

[SpectorTest]
public Task SimpleOp() => Test(async (host) =>
{
    var response = await new MyClient(host, null).DoThingAsync();
    Assert.AreEqual(204, response.GetRawResponse().Status);
});

GET with typed response:

[SpectorTest]
public Task GetValue() => Test(async (host) =>
{
    var response = await new MyClient(host, null).GetValueAsync();
    Assert.AreEqual("expected", response.Value);
});

GET with model response:

[SpectorTest]
public Task GetModel() => Test(async (host) =>
{
    var response = await new MyClient(host, null).GetModelAsync();
    Assert.AreEqual("name", response.Value.Name);
    Assert.AreEqual(42, response.Value.Age);
});

PUT/POST with body:

[SpectorTest]
public Task SendModel() => Test(async (host) =>
{
    var body = new MyModel("name", 42);
    var response = await new MyClient(host, null).SendAsync(body);
    Assert.AreEqual(204, response.GetRawResponse().Status);
});

Round-trip (GET then PUT):

[SpectorTest]
public Task RoundTrip() => Test(async (host) =>
{
    var client = new MyClient(host, null);
    var getResult = await client.GetAsync();
    var response = await client.PutAsync(getResult.Value);
    Assert.AreEqual(204, response.GetRawResponse().Status);
});

Error assertion:

[SpectorTest]
public Task InvalidKey() => Test((host) =>
{
    var exception = Assert.ThrowsAsync<ClientResultException>(
        () => new MyClient(host, new ApiKeyCredential("invalid"), null).CallAsync());
    Assert.AreEqual(403, exception!.Status);
    return Task.CompletedTask;
});

Sub-client access:

[SpectorTest]
public Task SubClientOp() => Test(async (host) =>
{
    var response = await new MyClient(host, null)
        .GetSubClient()
        .DoThingAsync();
    Assert.AreEqual(204, response.GetRawResponse().Status);
});

Pagination:

[SpectorTest]
public Task ListItems() => Test(async (host) =>
{
    var items = new MyClient(host, null).GetItemsAsync();
    int count = 0;
    await foreach (var item in items)
    {
        count++;
    }
    Assert.Greater(count, 0);
});

Additional imports commonly needed

using System;
using System.ClientModel;           // ClientResult, ClientResultException, ApiKeyCredential
using System.IO;                     // For file/stream scenarios
using NUnit.Framework;               // Test framework

Step 6 — Update the .csproj if needed

If a new Spector test project directory was created (new spec), a project reference may be needed in TestProjects.Spector.Tests.csproj:

<ProjectReference Include="..\Spector\http\<spec-path>\src\<ProjectName>.csproj" />

Check existing references to match the pattern. The project name typically matches the package-name from tspconfig.yaml or is derived from the namespace.

> Only add a project reference if one doesn't already exist for the spec.

Step 7 — Build and run the tests

Recommended: Use Test-Spector.ps1

The Test-Spector.ps1 script is the recommended way to test Spector specs. It automatically:

• Regenerates the spec as unstubbed (so tests are not auto-skipped)
• Runs the tests for that spec
• Restores the directory to its original stubbed state

cd {PKG}
# Test a specific spec
pwsh eng/scripts/Test-Spector.ps1 -filter "<spec-path>"

Example:

pwsh eng/scripts/Test-Spector.ps1 -filter "http/encode/duration"

Run full Spector test suite

pwsh eng/scripts/Get-Spector-Coverage.ps1

Manual approach (if needed)

If you need more control, you can manually generate unstubbed, build, and run tests:

cd {PKG}

# Generate unstubbed
pwsh eng/scripts/Generate.ps1 -filter "<spec-path>" -Stubbed $false

# Build
dotnet build generator

# Run only your new tests
dotnet test generator/TestProjects/Spector.Tests/TestProjects.Spector.Tests.csproj `
    --filter "FullyQualifiedName~TestProjects.Spector.Tests.Http.<YourNamespace>"

# Restore the directory to stubbed state when done
git clean -xfd generator/TestProjects/Spector/<spec-path>
git restore generator/TestProjects/Spector/<spec-path>

Step 8 — Handle special cases

Versioning specs

Versioning specs generate two clients (v1 and v2). Tests go in separate subdirectories:

Http/Versioning/<Name>/V1/<Name>V1Tests.cs
Http/Versioning/<Name>/V2/<Name>V2Tests.cs

Generation is handled automatically by Generate.ps1 when the path contains versioning.

Srv-driven (resiliency) specs

Similar to versioning — generates v1 and v2 clients from old.tsp and main.tsp.

Specs with tspconfig.yaml

Some specs have a tspconfig.yaml in the Spector test project that overrides the package-name. Check {PKG}/generator/TestProjects/Spector/<spec-path>/tspconfig.yaml before importing the generated namespace.

Notes

• Do not modify Spector-Helper.psm1 to remove items from the failing list unless you're sure the generator now supports them.
• All committed Spector libraries are stubbed — Generate.ps1 defaults to $Stubbed = $true. Use Test-Spector.ps1 to temporarily regenerate unstubbed and run tests.
• Tests auto-skip when the generated client is stubbed — it's safe to write tests for stubbed specs. They'll activate when Test-Spector.ps1 regenerates them unstubbed.
• Only commit: test files (.cs), .csproj changes, and tspconfig.yaml if needed.
• Follow existing test naming conventions: <Feature>Tests.cs in the matching directory.
• Use [SpectorTest] attribute (not [Test]) for all Spector tests — it enables auto-skip for stubbed implementations.
• All test classes must inherit from SpectorTestBase.
• Do not add change logs — the http-client-csharp instructions say they are not needed.
• Do not comment out or delete existing tests.