RQAlpha 米筐开源事件驱动回测框架。支持A股和期货,模块化架构,可自由扩展;当用户需要快速回测A股/期货策略、使用内置数据(download-bundle)、开发Mod插件,或提及 rqalpha、米筐时使用。与 backtrader 相比,rqalpha 内置A股日线数据、安装更简便,适合快速验证;backtrader 更灵活、社区更大。若用户仅需数据获取而无回测需求,引导使用 baostock/akshare/tushare 等数据 Skill。
npx skills add https://github.com/lzwme/finance-quant-skills --skill rqalpha
RQAlpha 是 米筐科技 开发的开源事件驱动回测框架。提供A股和期货市场的策略开发、回测和模拟交易完整解决方案。高度模块化,支持插件(Mod)系统扩展。
> 文档:https://rqalpha.readthedocs.io
pip install rqalpha
# 下载内置数据包(A股日线数据)
rqalpha download-bundle
# 验证安装
python -c "import rqalpha; print(rqalpha.__version__)"
from rqalpha.api import * # 导入所有 API 函数(含 logger)
def init(context):
"""策略启动时调用一次 — 设置订阅和参数"""
context.stock = '000001.XSHE'
context.fired = False
def handle_bar(context, bar_dict):
"""每根K线调用 — 主要交易逻辑"""
if not context.fired:
order_shares(context.stock, 1000)
context.fired = True
logger.info('买入完成') # logger 通过 from rqalpha.api import * 自动可用
def before_trading(context):
"""每个交易日开盘前调用"""
pass
def after_trading(context):
"""每个交易日收盘后调用"""
pass
> 注意:from rqalpha.api import * 会自动导入 logger,可直接使用 logger.info()、logger.warn()、logger.error() 输出日志。
rqalpha run \
-f strategy.py \
-s 2024-01-01 \
-e 2024-06-30 \
--account stock 100000 \
--benchmark 000300.XSHG \
--plot
from rqalpha.api import *
from rqalpha import run_func
config = {
"base": {
"start_date": "2024-01-01",
"end_date": "2024-06-30",
"accounts": {"stock": 100000},
"benchmark": "000300.XSHG",
"frequency": "1d",
},
"extra": {
"log_level": "warning",
},
"mod": {
"sys_analyser": {"enabled": True, "plot": True},
},
}
result = run_func(init=init, handle_bar=handle_bar, config=config)
print(result)
| 市场 | 后缀 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 上海A股 | .XSHG | 600000.XSHG(浦发银行) |
| 深圳A股 | .XSHE | 000001.XSHE(平安银行) |
| 指数 | .XSHG/.XSHE | 000300.XSHG(沪深300) |
| 期货 | .XSGE/.XDCE/.XZCE/.CCFX | IF2401.CCFX(沪深300期货) |
# 按股数买卖
order_shares('000001.XSHE', 1000) # 买入1000股
order_shares('000001.XSHE', -500) # 卖出500股
# 按手买入(1手=100股)
order_lots('000001.XSHE', 10) # 买入10手(1000股)
# 按金额买入
order_value('000001.XSHE', 50000) # 买入5万元
# 按组合比例买入
order_percent('000001.XSHE', 0.5) # 买入组合值50%的仓位
# 目标仓位
order_target_value('000001.XSHE', 100000) # 调整到10万元
order_target_percent('000001.XSHE', 0.3) # 调整到组合的30%
# 撤单
cancel_order(order_id)
# 开仓
buy_open('IF2401.CCFX', 1) # 买入开多1手
sell_open('IF2401.CCFX', 1) # 卖出开空1手
# 平仓
sell_close('IF2401.CCFX', 1) # 卖出平多1手
buy_close('IF2401.CCFX', 1) # 买入平空1手
def handle_bar(context, bar_dict):
# 当前K线数据
bar = bar_dict['000001.XSHE']
price = bar.close
volume = bar.volume
dt = bar.datetime
# 历史数据(返回DataFrame)
prices = history_bars('000001.XSHE', bar_count=20, frequency='1d',
fields=['close', 'volume', 'open', 'high', 'low'])
# 检查股票是否可交易
tradable = is_valid_price(bar.close)
# 检查是否停牌
suspended = is_suspended('000001.XSHE')
def handle_bar(context, bar_dict):
# 组合信息
cash = context.portfolio.cash # 可用资金
total = context.portfolio.total_value # 总资产
market_value = context.portfolio.market_value # 持仓市值
pnl = context.portfolio.pnl # 总盈亏
returns = context.portfolio.daily_returns # 日收益率
# 持仓信息
positions = context.portfolio.positions
for stock, pos in positions.items():
print(f'{stock}: quantity={pos.quantity}, '
f'sellable={pos.sellable}, '
f'avg_price={pos.avg_price:.2f}, '
f'market_value={pos.market_value:.2f}, '
f'pnl={pos.pnl:.2f}')
from rqalpha.api import *
def init(context):
# 每个交易日指定时间运行函数
scheduler.run_daily(rebalance, time_rule=market_open(minute=5))
# 每周运行(每周一)
scheduler.run_weekly(weekly_task, tradingday=1, time_rule=market_open(minute=5))
# 每月运行(首个交易日)
scheduler.run_monthly(monthly_task, tradingday=1, time_rule=market_open(minute=5))
def rebalance(context, bar_dict):
pass
RQAlpha的模块化架构允许通过Mod扩展功能:
config = {
"mod": {
"sys_analyser": {
"enabled": True,
"plot": True,
"benchmark": "000300.XSHG",
},
"sys_simulation": {
"enabled": True,
"matching_type": "current_bar", # 撮合方式:current_bar(当前Bar)或 next_bar(下一Bar)
"slippage": 0.01, # 滑点(元)
},
"sys_transaction_cost": {
"enabled": True,
"commission_rate": 0.0003, # 手续费率
"tax_rate": 0.001, # 印花税(仅卖出)
"min_commission": 5, # 最低手续费
},
},
}
| Mod | 说明 |
|---|---|
| sys_analyser | 绩效分析和图表绘制 |
| sys_simulation | 撮合模拟 |
| sys_transaction_cost | 手续费和税费计算 |
| sys_accounts | 账户管理 |
| sys_benchmark | 基准追踪 |
| sys_progress | 进度条显示 |
| sys_risk | 风险管理检查 |
更多完整策略示例(双均线、多股等权、RSI均值回归、止损止盈、期货CTA)见 references/advanced-strategies.md。
运行回测后,sys_analyser Mod会输出以下指标:
| 指标 | 说明 |
|------|------|
| total_returns | 总收益率 |
| annualized_returns | 年化收益率 |
| benchmark_total_returns | 基准总收益率 |
| alpha | Alpha值 |
| beta | Beta值 |
| sharpe | 夏普比率 |
| sortino | Sortino比率 |
| max_drawdown | 最大回撤 |
| tracking_error | 跟踪误差 |
| information_ratio | 信息比率 |
| volatility | 波动率 |
| 错误 | 原因 | 解决方法 |
|------|------|----------|
| Bundle not found | 未下载数据包 | 运行 rqalpha download-bundle |
| Insufficient cash | 可用资金不足 | 检查 context.portfolio.cash |
| Order Creation Failed: suspended | 股票停牌 | 用 is_suspended() 提前检查 |
| No data for instrument | 股票代码错误 | 检查代码格式(如 .XSHG / .XSHE) |
| logger 未定义 | 未导入 API | 确保 from rqalpha.api import * 在文件顶部 |
rqalpha download-bundle 获取免费内置A股日线数据。rqalpha-mod-vnpy 连接 vn.py 的券商网关。from rqalpha.api import *,以确保所有下单函数和 logger 可用。buy_open/sell_open/buy_close/sell_close,不能使用股票的 order_shares 等函数。is_suspended() 检查停牌状态,避免订单失败。.XSHG/.XSHE/.CCFX 等),不能使用纯数字代码。Guide for creating high-quality MCP (Model Context Protocol) servers that enable LLMs to interact with external services through well-designed tools. Use when building MCP servers to integrate external APIs or services, whether in Python (FastMCP) or Node/TypeScript (MCP SDK).
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