DB Migrator Skill for Claude
数据库迁移助手 - Schema 对比、迁移脚本生成
Install
one command, takes just this skill from the repositorynpx skills add https://github.com/laolaoshiren/claude-code-skills-zh --skill db-migratorThe instruction itself
9 sections, as written by the author数据库迁移助手
触发条件
当用户要求数据库迁移、生成 migration、schema 变更、数据库升级时激活此技能。
工作流程
第 1 步：识别框架
扫描项目文件，判断使用的 ORM/迁移框架：
alembic.ini/alembic/→ Alembicprisma/schema.prisma→ Prismapom.xml含 flyway → Flywaymanage.py+settings.py→ DjangoGemfile+db/migrate/→ Rails
第 2 步：分析 Schema 变更
- 对比 models 定义与现有迁移历史
- 识别新增/修改/删除的表和字段
- 检测索引、约束、外键变更
第 3 步：生成迁移脚本
根据框架生成对应的迁移文件，并同时生成回滚脚本。
第 4 步：风险评估
- 大表 DDL 变更（锁表风险）
- 数据迁移需求
- 向后兼容性
迁移模板
Alembic (Python)
"""add email column to users
Revision ID: abc123
"""
from alembic import op
import sqlalchemy as sa
def upgrade():
op.add_column('users', sa.Column('email', sa.String(255), nullable=True))
op.create_index('ix_users_email', 'users', ['email'], unique=True)
def downgrade():
op.drop_index('ix_users_email')
op.drop_column('users', 'email')
Flyway (Java)
-- V2__add_email_to_users.sql
ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN email VARCHAR(255);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ix_users_email ON users(email);
-- 回滚脚本 (单独文件 U2__rollback_add_email.sql)
-- 逆向操作
Prisma (Node.js)
// schema.prisma 变更
model User {
id Int @id @default(autoincrement())
name String
email String? @unique // 新增字段
}
# 默认仅生成迁移，不执行数据库变更
npx prisma migrate dev --name add-email-to-users --create-only
检查生成的 SQL、连接目标和备份后，再由用户确认执行：
# 开发环境应用迁移
npx prisma migrate dev
# 生产环境应用已审核并提交的迁移
npx prisma migrate deploy
Django (Python)
# users/migrations/0002_add_email.py
from django.db import migrations, models
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
dependencies = [('users', '0001_initial')]
operations = [
migrations.AddField(
model_name='user',
name='email',
field=models.EmailField(unique=True, null=True),
),
]
unique=True 已由 Django 生成唯一约束和对应索引，不要再创建重复索引。
Rails (Ruby)
# db/migrate/20260617_add_email_to_users.rb
class AddEmailToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
def change
add_column :users, :email, :string
add_index :users, :email, unique: true
end
end
rails db:migrate # 执行迁移
rails db:rollback # 回滚上一次
rails db:rollback STEP=3 # 回滚最近 3 次
回滚策略
| 场景 | 策略 |
|------|------|
| 新增列 | 直接移除该列 |
| 删除列 | 无法自动回滚，需提前备份数据 |
| 修改列类型 | 反向修改为原类型，注意数据丢失风险 |
| 新增表 | 移除该表 |
| 数据迁移 | 编写反向迁移脚本，保留原始数据快照 |
| 大表变更 | 使用在线 DDL 工具避免锁表 |
注意事项
- 默认只生成和审查迁移；执行前确认环境、数据库连接、备份和维护窗口
- 框架支持可逆迁移时提供 downgrade；不支持时明确恢复快照或前向修复方案
- 大表变更需考虑在线 DDL，避免长时间锁表
- 数据迁移与 schema 变更分开处理
- 迁移应由框架记录版本并安全重试，不要假设版本迁移可以任意重复执行
- 在 staging 环境验证后再应用到生产环境
- 涉及删除列/表的变更，确保应用代码已先移除相关引用
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How to use it
Take laolaoshiren/db-migrator from the repository into ~/.claude/skills for personal
use, or into .claude/skills inside a project.
The agent identifies a skill by the name field in its header. Two skills with the
same name cannot sit side by side — one of them will be ignored.
The instructions reference npx.
Without those the skill loads but fails at the first command.