Output Contract Enforcer

Output Contract Enforcer

Validates that a DAG node's output matches its declared JSON schema before passing to downstream nodes. The glue that makes multi-agent DAGs reliable. Without this, downstream nodes receive unpredictable input and the DAG breaks.

When to Use

✅ Use for:

• Validating a node's output against its declared schema
• Generating output schemas from natural-language output descriptions
• Debugging why a downstream node rejected its input
• Ensuring contract compatibility between connected nodes

❌ NOT for:

• Assessing content quality or correctness (use dag-quality)
• Grading skill quality (use skill-grader)
• General JSON schema work outside DAG context

Validation Process

flowchart TD
  O[Node output] --> P[Parse as JSON]
  P -->|Parse error| E1[FAIL: Not valid JSON]
  P -->|Valid JSON| S[Check against schema]
  S --> R{Required fields?}
  R -->|Missing| E2[FAIL: Missing required field X]
  R -->|Present| T{Type check?}
  T -->|Wrong type| E3[FAIL: Field X expected string, got number]
  T -->|Correct| C{Constraints?}
  C -->|Violated| E4[FAIL: Field X violates constraint Y]
  C -->|Met| V[PASS: Contract satisfied]

What Gets Checked

| Check | Example | Failure Message |

|-------|---------|----------------|

| JSON parseable | {broken json | "Output is not valid JSON" |

| Required fields | status missing | "Missing required field: status" |

| Field types | status: 42 (expected string) | "Field 'status' expected string, got number" |

| Enum values | status: "maybe" | "Field 'status' must be one of: pass, warn, fail" |

| String constraints | summary: "" (minLength: 1) | "Field 'summary' must have minLength 1" |

| Number constraints | score: 1.5 (maximum: 1.0) | "Field 'score' must be ≤ 1.0" |

| Array constraints | items: [] (minItems: 1) | "Field 'items' must have at least 1 item" |

| Nested objects | Missing sub-field | "Field 'metadata.cost' is required" |

The Standard Output Contract

Every DAG node should produce output matching this base schema (fields can be extended):

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": ["status", "summary"],
  "properties": {
    "status": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": ["pass", "warn", "fail"]
    },
    "summary": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 1,
      "description": "1-3 sentence description of what was produced"
    },
    "artifacts": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
      "description": "List of files created or modified"
    },
    "data": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Node-specific output data (schema varies per node)"
    },
    "risks": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
      "description": "Remaining risks or assumptions"
    }
  }
}

Contract Compatibility Check

When connecting Node A's output to Node B's input, verify:

• Every field B requires is present in A's output schema
• Types match (A produces string, B expects string)
• A's output constraints are compatible with B's input constraints
• If A produces optional fields that B requires → incompatible

Node A output: { status: string, recommendations: string[] }
Node B input:  { status: string, recommendations: string[], priority: number }

Result: INCOMPATIBLE — Node B requires 'priority' but Node A doesn't produce it.
Fix: Add 'priority' to Node A's output, or add a transformer node between A and B.

Schema Generation

When a node description says "produces a list of recommendations with priorities," generate:

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": ["status", "summary", "data"],
  "properties": {
    "status": { "type": "string", "enum": ["pass", "warn", "fail"] },
    "summary": { "type": "string", "minLength": 1 },
    "data": {
      "type": "object",
      "required": ["recommendations"],
      "properties": {
        "recommendations": {
          "type": "array",
          "minItems": 1,
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "required": ["text", "priority"],
            "properties": {
              "text": { "type": "string" },
              "priority": { "type": "integer", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 5 }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Anti-Patterns

No Contract at All

Wrong: Nodes produce free-form text with no schema.

Why: Downstream nodes can't reliably parse the input. The DAG is fragile.

Right: Every node declares its output schema. Every output is validated before passing downstream.

Overly Strict Contracts

Wrong: Requiring exact character counts, specific formatting, or field values that depend on runtime context.

Right: Constrain structure (types, required fields), not content. Let dag-quality handle content assessment.

Ignoring Optional Fields

Wrong: Treating all fields as required.

Right: Use required only for fields that downstream nodes absolutely need. Mark everything else as optional.