Drizzle Migrations Agent Skill

Drizzle ORM schema management and SQLite migrations — adding tables, modifying columns, creating indexes, generating and running migrations, Drizzle query patterns. NOT for Prisma, TypeORM, Sequelize, or raw SQL migration tools.

3k tokens

context cost

the whole folder, loaded on every use

files

instructions only

copies elsewhere

how many repositories repackaged it

177

stars on the repo

on the repository, not the skill itself

Install

one command, takes just this skill from the repository

npx skills add https://github.com/curiositech/some_claude_skills --skill drizzle-migrations

The instruction itself

26 sections, as written by the author

Drizzle ORM Migrations

This skill helps you manage database schema changes using Drizzle ORM with SQLite.

When to Use

✅ USE this skill for:

Adding new tables or modifying existing columns
Generating and running database migrations
Drizzle-specific query patterns and relations
SQLite schema best practices with Drizzle
Setting up Drizzle configuration

❌ DO NOT use for:

Supabase/PostgreSQL → use supabase-admin skill
Raw SQL without Drizzle → use standard SQL resources
Prisma ORM → different syntax and patterns
General database design theory → use database architecture resources

Project Setup

Configuration: drizzle.config.ts

import { defineConfig } from 'drizzle-kit';

export default defineConfig({
  schema: './src/db/schema.ts',
  out: './drizzle',
  dialect: 'sqlite',
  dbCredentials: {
    url: './data/app.db',
  },
});

Commands:

npm run db:generate  # Generate migration files
npm run db:push      # Push schema directly (dev only)
npm run db:studio    # Open Drizzle Studio GUI

Schema Definition

Location: src/db/schema.ts

Table Definition

import { sqliteTable, text, integer, real, blob } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-core';
import { relations } from 'drizzle-orm';

// Basic table
export const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  id: text('id').primaryKey(),
  email: text('email').notNull().unique(),
  username: text('username').notNull(),
  passwordHash: text('password_hash'),
  createdAt: text('created_at').notNull().default(sql`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`),
  updatedAt: text('updated_at'),
});

// Table with foreign key
export const checkIns = sqliteTable('check_ins', {
  id: text('id').primaryKey(),
  userId: text('user_id').notNull().references(() => users.id, {
    onDelete: 'cascade',
  }),
  mood: integer('mood').notNull(),
  cravingLevel: integer('craving_level').notNull(),
  sleepHours: real('sleep_hours'),
  notes: text('notes'),
  createdAt: text('created_at').notNull().default(sql`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`),
});

// Table with composite index
export const auditLog = sqliteTable('audit_log', {
  id: text('id').primaryKey(),
  userId: text('user_id').notNull(),
  action: text('action').notNull(),
  targetType: text('target_type'),
  targetId: text('target_id'),
  details: text('details'),  // JSON string
  createdAt: text('created_at').notNull().default(sql`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`),
}, (table) => ({
  userActionIdx: index('idx_audit_user_action').on(table.userId, table.action),
  createdAtIdx: index('idx_audit_created').on(table.createdAt),
}));

Relations

export const usersRelations = relations(users, ({ many }) => ({
  checkIns: many(checkIns),
  sessions: many(sessions),
  journalEntries: many(journalEntries),
}));

export const checkInsRelations = relations(checkIns, ({ one }) => ({
  user: one(users, {
    fields: [checkIns.userId],
    references: [users.id],
  }),
}));

Column Types

SQLite Types in Drizzle

import {
  sqliteTable,
  text,           // TEXT - strings, JSON, dates
  integer,        // INTEGER - numbers, booleans (0/1)
  real,           // REAL - floating point
  blob,           // BLOB - binary data
} from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-core';

const examples = sqliteTable('examples', {
  // Strings
  name: text('name').notNull(),
  description: text('description'),

  // Numbers
  count: integer('count').notNull().default(0),
  rating: real('rating'),

  // Booleans (stored as 0/1)
  isActive: integer('is_active', { mode: 'boolean' }).default(true),

  // Dates (stored as ISO strings)
  createdAt: text('created_at').notNull().default(sql`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`),
  expiresAt: text('expires_at'),

  // JSON (stored as TEXT)
  metadata: text('metadata', { mode: 'json' }),

  // Enums (stored as TEXT)
  status: text('status', { enum: ['pending', 'active', 'archived'] }),
});

Migration Strategies

Strategy 1: Push (Development Only)

npm run db:push

Directly applies schema changes
Fast for development
Never use in production

Strategy 2: Generate & Migrate (Production)

# 1. Generate migration file
npm run db:generate

# 2. Review generated SQL in /drizzle folder

# 3. Apply migration (in code or manually)

Applying Migrations in Code

import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/better-sqlite3';
import { migrate } from 'drizzle-orm/better-sqlite3/migrator';
import Database from 'better-sqlite3';

const sqlite = new Database('./data/app.db');
const db = drizzle(sqlite);

// Run migrations
migrate(db, { migrationsFolder: './drizzle' });

Common Schema Changes

Adding a New Table

// 1. Add to schema.ts
export const newFeature = sqliteTable('new_feature', {
  id: text('id').primaryKey(),
  userId: text('user_id').notNull().references(() => users.id),
  name: text('name').notNull(),
  createdAt: text('created_at').notNull().default(sql`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`),
});

// 2. Add relations
export const newFeatureRelations = relations(newFeature, ({ one }) => ({
  user: one(users, {
    fields: [newFeature.userId],
    references: [users.id],
  }),
}));

// 3. Generate migration
// npm run db:generate

Adding a Column

// In schema.ts, add the new column
export const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  // existing columns...
  newColumn: text('new_column'),  // Add this
});

// Generate migration
// npm run db:generate

Adding an Index

export const messages = sqliteTable('messages', {
  id: text('id').primaryKey(),
  conversationId: text('conversation_id').notNull(),
  createdAt: text('created_at').notNull(),
}, (table) => ({
  // Add index
  convCreatedIdx: index('idx_messages_conv_created')
    .on(table.conversationId, table.createdAt),
}));

Renaming (Requires Manual SQL)

SQLite doesn't support direct column renames in older versions. For complex changes:

-- drizzle/XXXX_rename_column.sql
-- Manual migration for column rename

-- 1. Create new table with desired schema
CREATE TABLE users_new (
  id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
  email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
  display_name TEXT NOT NULL,  -- renamed from username
  created_at TEXT NOT NULL
);

-- 2. Copy data
INSERT INTO users_new SELECT id, email, username, created_at FROM users;

-- 3. Drop old table
DROP TABLE users;

-- 4. Rename new table
ALTER TABLE users_new RENAME TO users;

Query Patterns

Basic Queries

import { db } from '@/db';
import { eq, and, or, desc, asc, like, gte, lte } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { users, checkIns } from '@/db/schema';

// Select all
const allUsers = await db.select().from(users);

// Select with conditions
const activeUsers = await db
  .select()
  .from(users)
  .where(eq(users.isActive, true));

// Select specific columns
const userEmails = await db
  .select({ id: users.id, email: users.email })
  .from(users);

// Complex where clause
const results = await db
  .select()
  .from(checkIns)
  .where(
    and(
      eq(checkIns.userId, userId),
      gte(checkIns.createdAt, startDate),
      lte(checkIns.createdAt, endDate)
    )
  )
  .orderBy(desc(checkIns.createdAt))
  .limit(30);

Insert

// Single insert
const [newUser] = await db
  .insert(users)
  .values({
    id: generateId(),
    email: '[email protected]',
    username: 'newuser',
  })
  .returning();

// Bulk insert
await db.insert(checkIns).values([
  { id: '1', userId, mood: 7, cravingLevel: 2 },
  { id: '2', userId, mood: 8, cravingLevel: 1 },
]);

// Upsert (insert or update)
await db
  .insert(users)
  .values({ id: 'user-1', email: '[email protected]' })
  .onConflictDoUpdate({
    target: users.id,
    set: { email: '[email protected]' },
  });

Update

await db
  .update(users)
  .set({ username: 'newname', updatedAt: new Date().toISOString() })
  .where(eq(users.id, userId));

Delete

// Always use WHERE clause!
await db
  .delete(checkIns)
  .where(eq(checkIns.id, checkInId));

// Delete with multiple conditions
await db
  .delete(sessions)
  .where(
    and(
      eq(sessions.userId, userId),
      lte(sessions.expiresAt, new Date().toISOString())
    )
  );

Joins

const userWithCheckIns = await db
  .select({
    user: users,
    checkIn: checkIns,
  })
  .from(users)
  .leftJoin(checkIns, eq(users.id, checkIns.userId))
  .where(eq(users.id, userId));

Aggregations

import { count, avg, sum, max, min } from 'drizzle-orm';

const stats = await db
  .select({
    totalCheckIns: count(),
    avgMood: avg(checkIns.mood),
    maxStreak: max(checkIns.streak),
  })
  .from(checkIns)
  .where(eq(checkIns.userId, userId));

Best Practices

Always use transactions for related changes

await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
  await tx.insert(users).values(userData);
  await tx.insert(profiles).values(profileData);
});

Always include WHERE on DELETE/UPDATE
Use indexes for frequently queried columns
Store dates as ISO strings for SQLite
Use returning() to get inserted/updated rows
Generate migrations, don't push to production

References

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How to use it

Copy the folder

Take curiositech/drizzle-migrations from the repository into ~/.claude/skills for personal use, or into .claude/skills inside a project.

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