Paper Orchestra

paper-orchestra (Orchestrator)

Top-level driver for the PaperOrchestra pipeline. Read this document and follow

the steps below. The detailed prompts and rules live in each sub-skill's

SKILL.md and references/ directories — you (the host agent) will load them

as you go.

> Source paper: Song et al., *PaperOrchestra: A Multi-Agent Framework for

> Automated AI Research Paper Writing*, arXiv:2604.05018, 2026.

> <https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.05018>

What this skill produces

A complete submission package P = (paper.tex, paper.pdf) written into

workspace/final/, plus a full audit trail under workspace/ (outline,

figures, refs, drafts, refinement worklog, provenance snapshot).

Inputs (the (I, E, T, G, F) tuple from the paper)

The workspace MUST contain:

| File | Symbol | Required | Description |

|---|---|---|---|

| workspace/inputs/idea.md | I | yes | Idea Summary (Sparse or Dense variant — see references/io-contract.md) |

| workspace/inputs/experimental_log.md | E | yes | Experimental Log: setup, raw numeric data, qualitative observations |

| workspace/inputs/template.tex | T | yes | LaTeX template for the target conference (with \section{...} commands) |

| workspace/inputs/conference_guidelines.md | G | yes | Formatting rules, page limit, mandatory sections |

| workspace/inputs/figures/ | F | no | Optional pre-existing figures. If empty, the plotting agent generates everything. |

scripts/init_workspace.py will scaffold this layout. scripts/validate_inputs.py

will check it before the pipeline runs.

Pipeline (read references/pipeline.md for the full diagram)

Step 1: Outline           ──▶  outline.json                       (1 LLM call)
Step 2: Plotting     ─┐
                      ├──▶  figures/*.png + captions.json         (~20-30 calls)
Step 3: Lit Review   ─┘                                           (~20-30 calls)
                          intro_relwork.tex + refs.bib

Step 4: Section Writing  ──▶  drafts/paper.tex                    (1 LLM call)
Step 5: Content Refine   ──▶  final/paper.tex + final/paper.pdf   (~5-7 calls, ~3 iters)

Step 2 and Step 3 are independent and MUST run in parallel when your host

supports parallel sub-agents. If not, run Step 3 first (it has the longer wall

time due to Semantic Scholar rate limits) and Step 2 second.

Critical pre-instruction (read once, apply always)

Before any LLM call that *writes* paper content (outline, intro/related work,

section writing, refinement), you MUST prepend the Anti-Leakage Prompt at

references/anti-leakage-prompt.md to your system prompt. This is verbatim

from Appendix D.4 of the paper and prevents pre-training-data leakage. The

paper applies it uniformly across all baselines for fair comparison; we apply

it for fidelity *and* to keep generated papers grounded in the user's inputs.

Step-by-step execution

0. Pre-flight Checks

Before running the pipeline, perform the following quality gates in order:

# 1. Scaffold the workspace
python skills/paper-orchestra/scripts/init_workspace.py --out workspace/
# user drops their inputs into workspace/inputs/

# 2. Validate required files are present and well-formed
python skills/paper-orchestra/scripts/validate_inputs.py --workspace workspace/

# 3. Check input density — idea and experimental log must meet minimum thresholds
python skills/paper-orchestra/scripts/check_idea_density.py \
    --idea workspace/inputs/idea.md \
    --log workspace/inputs/experimental_log.md

# 4. Cross-validate consistency between idea and experimental log
python skills/paper-orchestra/scripts/validate_consistency.py \
    --idea workspace/inputs/idea.md \
    --log workspace/inputs/experimental_log.md

If validate_inputs.py or check_idea_density.py fail (exit code 1 or 2), stop

and tell the user what's missing or below threshold — do not proceed until fixed.

validate_consistency.py produces warnings only (exit code 1 = WARN, non-blocking);

report warnings to the user but continue.

Before failing on missing inputs, check whether aggregation can supply them:

| Inputs state | Action |

|---|---|

| idea.md and experimental_log.md both present and non-empty | Continue to Step 1. |

| Either is missing/empty, and the user mentioned a directory | Load and run agent-research-aggregator with that directory as --search-roots, then re-validate. |

| Either is missing/empty, no directory mentioned | Ask the user: "Your workspace is missing idea.md / experimental_log.md. Do you have a folder with research notes or agent history I can aggregate from? If so, tell me the path — or drop the files manually into workspace/inputs/." |

If validation still fails after aggregation (e.g. template.tex or conference_guidelines.md are missing), stop and tell the user exactly which files remain outstanding.

Also probe the TeX installation (once per workspace, result cached):

python skills/paper-orchestra/scripts/check_tex_packages.py \
    --out workspace/tex_profile.json

The Section Writing Agent reads tex_profile.json to decide which LaTeX

patterns to use (e.g., Figure~\ref{} vs \cref{}, whether to include

\usepackage{microtype}, etc.). This eliminates compile-time package

failures that previously required iterative manual edits.

1. Outline (Step 1 — 1 LLM call)

Load skills/outline-agent/SKILL.md and follow it. Output: workspace/outline.json.

Validate with python skills/outline-agent/scripts/validate_outline.py workspace/outline.json.

Halt the pipeline if validation fails — every downstream agent depends on the schema.

2 ∥ 3. Plotting and Literature Review (in parallel)

Parse outline.json. Extract:

• outline.plotting_plan → drives Step 2
• outline.intro_related_work_plan → drives Step 3

If your host supports parallel sub-agents (Claude Code's Agent tool with multiple

concurrent calls; Cursor's parallel agents; Antigravity's worker pool), spawn

two concurrent sub-tasks:

• Sub-task A: load skills/plotting-agent/SKILL.md, execute the plotting plan,

produce workspace/figures/<figure_id>.png for every entry, plus

workspace/figures/captions.json.

• Sub-task B: load skills/literature-review-agent/SKILL.md, execute the

research strategy, produce workspace/drafts/intro_relwork.tex and

workspace/refs.bib.

If your host does not support parallel sub-agents, run Sub-task B first (it has

slower wall-clock due to Semantic Scholar QPS limits) then Sub-task A. The

artifacts are independent, so order doesn't affect correctness.

3.5. Outline Reconciliation (after Step 3 completes, before Step 4)

Once Step 3 (Literature Review) has produced citation_pool.json and

cross_verification_report.json, run the reconciliation step.

Load references/outline-reconciliation.md and follow its prompt.

Output: workspace/outline_reconciled.json.

Validate and diff:

python skills/outline-agent/scripts/validate_outline.py workspace/outline_reconciled.json
python skills/paper-orchestra/scripts/diff_outlines.py \
    --original   workspace/outline.json \
    --reconciled workspace/outline_reconciled.json \
    --summary    workspace/reconciliation_summary.md

If validation fails, fall back to outline.json for Step 4 and warn the user.

Show the user the reconciliation_summary.md (even if no changes — it confirms

the outline matched the actual literature).

Skip conditions: citation pool empty, Step 3 failed, or Step 2 is still

running and the host cannot issue another call concurrently. See

references/outline-reconciliation.md for full skip conditions.

4. Section Writing (Step 4 — ONE single multimodal LLM call)

Load skills/section-writing-agent/SKILL.md and follow it. This is **one

single call** in the paper (App. B: "Section Writing Agent (1 call)") — do

*not* split it per section. The agent receives:

• outline_reconciled.json (use this if it exists; fall back to outline.json)
• idea.md, experimental_log.md
• intro_relwork.tex (already-filled from Step 3 — preserve verbatim)
• refs.bib (the citation map)
• conference_guidelines.md
• research_brief.md (if it exists — read §1–§3 for accumulated pipeline context)
• The actual figure image files from workspace/figures/ (multimodal input)

Output: workspace/drafts/paper.tex (a complete LaTeX document).

Then run the deterministic gates:

python skills/section-writing-agent/scripts/orphan_cite_gate.py workspace/drafts/paper.tex workspace/refs.bib
python skills/section-writing-agent/scripts/latex_sanity.py workspace/drafts/paper.tex
python skills/paper-orchestra/scripts/anti_leakage_check.py workspace/drafts/paper.tex
python skills/paper-orchestra/scripts/claim_evidence_gate.py \
    --paper workspace/drafts/paper.tex \
    --log   workspace/inputs/experimental_log.md \
    --out   workspace/claim_evidence_report.json

claim_evidence_gate.py is a WARN gate (exit 1 = warnings, not a hard stop).

Report the count of unsupported claims to the user. The content-refinement agent

will address them in Step 5.

If any gate fails, the host agent must fix the issue (re-prompting the writing

step with the gate's error report) before proceeding.

5. Content Refinement (Step 5 — ~3 iterations, ~5-7 calls)

Load skills/content-refinement-agent/SKILL.md and follow it. The skill

implements the loop with strict halt rules from halt-rules.md. Maintain

workspace/refinement/worklog.json and snapshot each iteration into

workspace/refinement/iter<N>/.

Halt conditions (any one triggers the loop to stop and accept the current

best snapshot):

• Iteration count reaches the cap (default 3, see halt-rules.md).
• Overall score from the simulated reviewer decreases vs the previous

iteration → revert to previous snapshot, halt.

• Overall score ties but at least one sub-axis decreases while none

gain compensatingly (negative net sub-axis change) → revert, halt.

• Reviewer issues no new actionable weaknesses.

The accepted snapshot is copied to workspace/final/paper.tex.

6. Compile and finalize

cd workspace/final && latexmk -pdf paper.tex

Then write workspace/provenance.json capturing input file hashes, outline

hash, refs hash, figure hashes, and final tex/pdf hashes (helper:

scripts/snapshot.py in the orchestrator scripts dir if you want a one-shot;

otherwise the host agent computes hashes inline).

Report to the user: the path to workspace/final/paper.pdf, a brief summary of

which sections were drafted, citation count, refinement iterations completed,

and any gates that failed mid-pipeline.

Workspace layout

See references/io-contract.md. Summary:

workspace/
├── inputs/                          # user-provided
│   ├── idea.md
│   ├── experimental_log.md
│   ├── template.tex
│   ├── conference_guidelines.md
│   └── figures/                     # optional pre-existing figures
├── outline.json                     # Step 1 output
├── figures/                         # Step 2 output
│   ├── <figure_id>.png
│   └── captions.json
├── refs.bib                         # Step 3 output
├── drafts/                          # Step 3 + Step 4 output
│   ├── intro_relwork.tex
│   └── paper.tex
├── refinement/                      # Step 5 working dir
│   ├── worklog.json
│   ├── iter1/
│   ├── iter2/
│   └── iter3/
├── final/                           # accepted snapshot + compiled PDF
│   ├── paper.tex
│   └── paper.pdf
└── provenance.json                  # input/output hashes for reproducibility

Cost budget (from paper App. B)

Total: ~60–70 LLM calls per paper, ~40 minutes wall-time on the paper's setup.

Budget breakdown:

| Step | Calls |

|---|---|

| Outline | 1 |

| Plotting | ~20–30 |

| Literature Review | ~20–30 |

| Section Writing | 1 |

| Content Refinement | ~5–7 |

Host integration

See references/host-integration.md for per-host invocation details (Claude

Code, Cursor, Antigravity, Cline, Aider, OpenCode).

Resources

• references/pipeline.md — full step-by-step flow + parallelism rules + halt rules
• references/io-contract.md — workspace layout, input file schemas
• references/anti-leakage-prompt.md — verbatim from App. D.4, prepend to every writing call
• references/paper-summary.md — 1-page distillation of arXiv:2604.05018
• references/host-integration.md — per-host invocation guide
• references/outline-reconciliation.md — NEW Step 3.5 outline reconciliation protocol (AutoSci-inspired)
• scripts/init_workspace.py — scaffold workspace dir tree
• scripts/validate_inputs.py — verify (I, E, T, G) before running
• scripts/anti_leakage_check.py — grep draft for leaked author names/emails/affils
• scripts/claim_evidence_gate.py — NEW WARN gate: verify numeric claims in draft are grounded in experimental_log.md
• scripts/diff_outlines.py — NEW diff original vs reconciled outline; writes reconciliation_summary.md
• skills/shared/research_brief_template.md — NEW schema for workspace/research_brief.md (accumulated cross-agent context)