Generate Sandbox Policy

Generate Sandbox Policy

Generate YAML sandbox network policies and network middleware configuration from API documentation and natural-language user requirements.

Overview

This skill translates a user's plain-language policy intent into a valid sandbox policy. The amount of detail the user provides determines the granularity of the generated policy — from broad L4 or preset-based policies (just a host:port) up to fine-grained per-endpoint L7 rules (full API docs).

The output is a network_policies YAML block, an optional network_middlewares block, and optionally a full policy file that conforms to the sandbox policy schema.

Step 1: Gather Inputs

Determine the Detail Tier

The user's input falls into one of three tiers. Work with whatever the user provides — do not require a higher tier than needed.

| Tier | User provides | What you can generate |

|------|--------------|----------------------|

| Minimal | Host(s) and plain-language intent | L4-only policies, or L7 with access presets (read-only, read-write, full) |

| Moderate | Host(s) + some known URL paths or resources | L7 with targeted glob rules for known paths, presets for the rest |

| Full | Complete API docs (OpenAPI, Swagger, markdown, URL) | Fine-grained per-endpoint L7 rules with specific method+path combinations |

Minimal Tier (host + intent only)

The user provides API endpoints and a broad intent. No API docs needed.

Examples:

• "Allow curl to hit api.github.com, read-only"
• "Give claude full access to api.anthropic.com"
• "Let /usr/bin/myapp talk to internal-svc:8080 but only for reading"

This is sufficient for:

• L4-only policies (allow all traffic to host:port, no HTTP inspection)
• Preset-based L7 policies (read-only, read-write, full on all paths)

For this tier, default to:

• access: read-only when the user says "read", "browse", "view", "query", "fetch"
• access: read-write when the user says "read-write", "create", "update" (but not "delete")
• access: full when the user says "full access", "everything", "unrestricted"
• L4-only (no protocol) when the user says "just allow it", "pass through", "no inspection"

Moderate Tier (host + partial path knowledge)

The user knows some API paths but doesn't have full docs.

Examples:

• "Allow GET on /api/v1/models and POST on /api/v1/completions at integrate.api.nvidia.com"
• "Read-only on /repos/** at api.github.com, but also allow POST on /repos/*/issues"

Generate explicit rules for the known paths. If the user also wants broader access beyond the specific paths, combine with a catch-all rule or suggest a preset instead.

Full Tier (complete API docs)

The user provides full API documentation. Accepted formats:

| Format | How to consume |

|--------|----------------|

| URL | Fetch with WebFetch and parse the endpoint list |

| File path | Read the file (OpenAPI JSON/YAML, markdown, etc.) |

| Pasted text | Parse inline from the conversation |

| OpenAPI/Swagger spec | Extract paths object for all method+path combinations |

From the API docs, build an endpoint inventory — a list of (method, path, description) tuples. Group them logically (e.g., by resource or tag). Then generate precise rules that allow only what the user's intent requires.

Policy Intent

Regardless of tier, extract (or infer) these from the user's description:

| Aspect | What to identify | Required? |

|--------|-----------------|-----------|

| Scope | Which API host(s) and port(s) | Yes — always needed |

| Access level | Broad intent: read-only, read-write, full, or custom | Yes — ask if unclear |

| Methods | Specific HTTP methods to allow | Only for custom/fine-grained |

| Paths | Specific URL paths or patterns | Only for custom/fine-grained |

| Enforcement | enforce or audit? Default to enforce. | No — has a default |

| Binary | Which binary/process should have access | Yes — ask if not stated |

| Middleware | Whether admitted HTTP requests need an ordered built-in or operator-run processing stage | No |

If the host and access level are clear but binaries are not specified, ask the user which binary or process will be making the requests. Suggest common defaults like /usr/bin/curl, /usr/local/bin/claude, etc.

Step 2: Refine Scope (Clarification Loop)

Before generating the policy, proactively ask clarifying questions to help the user scope the policy down as narrowly as possible. The goal is the most restrictive policy that still satisfies the user's needs.

Required Clarifications

Always ask about these if the user hasn't already specified them:

| Missing info | Question to ask |

|-------------|----------------|

| Binary not specified | "Which binary or process will make these requests? (e.g., /usr/bin/curl, /usr/local/bin/claude)" |

| Port not specified | "Which port does this API use? (443 for HTTPS is typical)" |

| Enforcement not stated | "Should policy violations be blocked (enforce) or just logged for review (audit)? I'll default to enforce if you're not sure." |

Scoping-Down Questions

Ask these when the user's intent is broad and more specificity is possible:

| User says | Ask to narrow |

|-----------|--------------|

| "Full access" / "allow everything" | "Do you actually need DELETE access, or would read-write (everything except DELETE) be enough?" |

| "Allow access to api.example.com" (no method/path detail) | "Do you know which specific API paths or operations you need? If so, I can lock the policy down to just those. Otherwise I'll use a broad preset." |

| L4-only / "just pass it through" | "L4-only means the proxy won't inspect HTTP traffic at all — any method and path will be allowed. Are you sure you don't want at least read-only or read-write restriction?" |

| Wildcard binary (/usr/bin/*) | "A wildcard binary pattern means any binary in that directory can use this policy. Can you narrow it to specific binaries?" |

| Multiple hosts in one policy | "Do all of these hosts need the same access level? If some need tighter restrictions, I can split them into separate policies." |

| access: full with enforcement: audit | "Full access in audit mode means nothing is actually restricted — all traffic flows through and violations are only logged. Is that intentional, or did you want to enforce restrictions?" |

| path glob on all rules | "Using on all paths allows any URL path. Do you know the specific API path prefixes you need (e.g., /api/v1/)?" |

| Private/internal IP destination | "Does this service resolve to a private IP (10.x, 172.16.x, 192.168.x)? If so, you'll need allowed_ips to permit access — what CIDR range should be allowed?" |

Auto-Discovery of API Docs for Well-Known Services

When the user mentions a recognizable API host but hasn't provided docs, and the current tier is Minimal, attempt to upgrade to Full by searching for the API documentation online.

When to trigger:

• The host is a well-known public API (e.g., api.github.com, api.anthropic.com, api.openai.com, integrate.api.nvidia.com, api.stripe.com, api.slack.com, api.gitlab.com)
• The user has NOT already provided API docs
• The user has NOT explicitly asked for a broad preset ("just read-only, nothing fancy")

How to do it:

• Tell the user: "I can look up the REST API docs for [service] to help generate a more precise policy. Want me to do that?"
• If the user agrees (or hasn't declined), search for the docs:
• Use WebSearch with a query like "[service name] REST API documentation endpoints" or "[service name] OpenAPI spec"
• Look for official documentation URLs in the results
• Fetch the docs page with WebFetch and extract the endpoint inventory (method + path pairs)
• Use the discovered endpoints to offer tighter scoping: "I found [N] endpoints in the [service] API. Based on your intent, I can narrow the policy to just [subset]. Want me to do that, or keep the broader preset?"

When to skip:

• The user explicitly asked for a broad preset or said "don't bother with docs"
• The API is internal, private, or not publicly documented
• The host is not recognizable as a well-known service
• A previous search attempt for this host returned no useful results

Graceful fallback: If the search doesn't return usable API docs (results are irrelevant, docs are behind authentication, the page is too large to parse), fall back to the current tier without stalling. Say: "I couldn't find usable API docs for [host], so I'll generate the policy using a [preset/L4] approach. You can always provide docs later to tighten it."

When the User Can't Narrow Further

If the user confirms the policy must stay broad (they don't know the paths, need genuinely broad access, etc.), accept it but flag the breadth. Do not block policy generation — just make sure the warnings are visible in the output (see Step 6).

Iteration

You may need to go back and forth a few times. Keep the loop tight:

• Ask one batch of clarifying questions (group related questions together)
• Update your understanding based on the answer
• If the answer reveals further scoping opportunities, ask a follow-up
• Stop when the user confirms the scope or says to proceed

Do not over-interrogate. If the user has given a clear, specific request, skip clarification and go straight to generation. Only ask when there is genuine ambiguity or an opportunity to meaningfully reduce the attack surface.

Step 3: Read the Policy Schema

Read the full policy schema reference:

Read docs/reference/policy-schema.mdx

Key sections to reference:

• Policy Schema Reference — top-level structure
• network_policies — rule structure
• NetworkEndpoint fields — host, port, protocol, tls, enforcement, access, rules, allowed_ips
• L7Rule / L7Allow — method + path matching
• Access Presets — read-only, read-write, full
• Private IP Access via allowed_ips — CIDR allowlist for private IP space
• Network Middleware - top-level middleware configs, ordering, host selection, and failure behavior
• Validation Rules — what combinations are valid/invalid

When middleware is requested, also read the full operational reference:

Read docs/extensibility/supervisor-middleware.mdx

Also read the architecture overview for enforcement context. The default policy is baked into the community base image (ghcr.io/nvidia/openshell-community/sandboxes/base:latest). For reference, consult:

Read architecture/security-policy.md

Step 4: Choose Policy Shape

Follow this decision tree based on the detail tier and user intent:

Is L7 inspection needed?
├─ No (user wants pass-through / "just allow it")
│   └─ Generate L4-only policy (no protocol, no tls, no rules/access)
│
└─ Yes (user wants method/path control)
    │
    ├─ Does a preset match the intent exactly?
    │   ├─ Read-only (GET, HEAD, OPTIONS) → access: read-only
    │   ├─ Read-write (no DELETE)          → access: read-write
    │   └─ Everything                      → access: full
    │
    └─ No preset fits (specific paths, mixed broad+narrow, exclude certain paths)
        └─ Build explicit rules list
            └─ Requires either known paths from the user or full API docs

Principle: always choose the simplest representation that satisfies the intent. A preset is preferable to explicit rules when it covers the use case.

TLS Decision

| API host port | TLS setting |

|--------------|-------------|

| Port 443 (HTTPS) and L7 rules/preset needed | tls: terminate (required for inspection) |

| Port 443 (HTTPS) and L4-only | Omit tls (passthrough, no L7) |

| Non-443 (HTTP) | Omit tls |

Critical: protocol: rest on port 443 without tls: terminate will not work — the proxy cannot inspect encrypted traffic. Always set tls: terminate when combining port 443 with L7 rules.

Middleware Decision

Add network_middlewares only when the user asks to inspect, transform, redact, or independently authorize admitted HTTP requests. Middleware runs after network and L7 policy admission and before provider credential injection.

• Use a built-in name such as openshell/regex without gateway registration.
• Use an operator-owned middleware name only when it is already registered under [[openshell.supervisor.middleware]] and reachable from both the gateway and sandbox supervisors.
• Default on_error to fail_closed. Use fail_open only when bypassing the stage preserves the user's stated security requirement.
• Assign unique order values across the complete policy. Lower values run first, and at most 10 configs may be selected.
• Match the narrowest destination hosts possible with endpoints.include; use exclude when a broad selector has trusted exceptions.
• Do not select fail-closed middleware for tls: skip endpoints because the supervisor cannot inspect that traffic.

Mapping Paths to Glob Patterns (when building explicit rules)

Only needed for the Moderate and Full tiers. Translate API path parameters to glob patterns:

| API path | Glob pattern |

|----------|-------------|

| /repos/{owner}/{repo} | /repos/*/* |

| /repos/{owner}/{repo}/issues | /repos/*/issues |

| /repos/{owner}/{repo}/issues/{id} | /repos/*/issues/* |

| /api/v1/models/{model_id}/versions/{version} | /api/v1/models/*/versions/* |

| All sub-paths under /api/v1/ | /api/v1/** |

Path matching uses the runtime glob engine. Both * and ** may cross /

boundaries; ? matches one character, and bracket classes such as [0-9] and

[!0] are supported. Prefer segment-shaped patterns such as

/repos/*/issues for readability, but do not rely on * to stop at /.

Building the Explicit Rules List

For each allowed operation, create an allow entry:

rules:
  - allow:
      method: GET
      path: "/api/v1/models/*"
  - allow:
      method: POST
      path: "/api/v1/completions"

Use the most specific pattern that covers the intent. Prefer narrow globs over ** when the API structure is known.

Step 5: Generate the Policy

Output Format

Generate a complete network_policies entry. Use this template:

network_policies:
  <policy_key>:
    name: <policy_key>
    endpoints:
      - host: <api_host>
        port: <port>
        protocol: rest          # Required for L7 inspection
        tls: terminate          # Required for HTTPS + L7
        enforcement: enforce    # or audit
        # Use ONE of: access OR rules (never both)
        access: <preset>        # read-only | read-write | full
        # OR
        rules:
          - allow:
              method: <METHOD>
              path: "<glob_pattern>"
        # Optional: allow private IP destinations (CIDR or exact IP)
        # allowed_ips:
        #   - "10.0.5.0/24"
    binaries:
      - { path: <binary_path> }

When middleware is requested, add it as a separate top-level map rather than nesting it under a network policy:

network_middlewares:
  <config_key>:
    name: <human_readable_name>
    middleware: <built_in_or_registered_name>
    order: 10
    config: {}
    on_error: fail_closed
    endpoints:
      include: ["<api_host>"]
      # exclude: ["<trusted_host>"]

The map key is the stable policy-local identity. Middleware selection is independent of the network policy entry that admitted the request.

Deny Rules

Use deny_rules to block specific dangerous operations while allowing broad access. Deny rules are evaluated after allow rules and take precedence. This is the inverse of the rules approach — instead of enumerating every allowed operation, you grant broad access and block a small set of dangerous ones.

# Example: Allow full access to GitHub but block admin operations
github_api:
  name: github_api
  endpoints:
    - host: api.github.com
      port: 443
      protocol: rest
      enforcement: enforce
      access: read-write
      deny_rules:
        - method: POST
          path: "/repos/*/pulls/*/reviews"
        - method: PUT
          path: "/repos/*/branches/*/protection"
        - method: "*"
          path: "/repos/*/rulesets"
  binaries:
    - { path: /usr/bin/curl }

Deny rules support the same matching capabilities as allow rules: method, path, command (SQL), and query parameter matchers. When generating policies, prefer deny rules when the user needs broad access with a small set of blocked operations — it produces a shorter, more maintainable policy than enumerating 60+ allow rules.

Private IP Destinations

When the endpoint resolves to a private IP (RFC 1918), the proxy's SSRF protection blocks the connection by default. Use allowed_ips to selectively allow specific private IP ranges:

• Host + allowlist: host + allowed_ips — domain must resolve to an IP in the allowlist
• Hostless allowlist: allowed_ips only (no host) — any domain on the port is allowed if it resolves to an IP in the allowlist

Loopback (127.0.0.0/8) and link-local (169.254.0.0/16) are always blocked regardless of allowed_ips.

# Example: Allow access to internal service at a known private IP range
internal_api:
  name: internal_api
  endpoints:
    - host: api.internal.corp
      port: 8080
      allowed_ips:
        - "10.0.5.0/24"
  binaries:
    - { path: /usr/bin/curl }

Policy Key Naming

Use descriptive snake_case keys: github_api, nvidia_inference, internal_service_readonly.

Multiple Endpoints

If the user needs access to multiple hosts or the same host with different rules, either:

• Same policy — multiple entries in endpoints if the binary set is the same
• Separate policies — different policy keys if the binary sets differ

Step 6: Validate and Warn

Before presenting the policy to the user, verify correctness and flag breadth concerns.

Hard Errors (would block sandbox startup)

• [ ] rules and access are NOT both present on the same endpoint
• [ ] If protocol is set, either rules or access is also present
• [ ] If tls: terminate is set, protocol is also set
• [ ] rules list is not empty when present
• [ ] If protocol: sql, enforcement is not enforce
• [ ] Every middleware config has a non-empty middleware name and non-empty endpoints.include
• [ ] Middleware order values are unique and no selected chain exceeds 10 stages
• [ ] No fail-closed middleware selector can cover a tls: skip endpoint

Schema Warnings (log-only, but should be fixed)

• [ ] protocol: rest on port 443 should have tls: terminate
• [ ] HTTP methods are standard: GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, OPTIONS, or *

Structural Checks

• [ ] Every policy has name, endpoints, and binaries
• [ ] Every endpoint has host and port
• [ ] Every binary has path
• [ ] Policy key matches name field
• [ ] Every middleware selector has at most 32 combined include and exclude patterns

Breadth Warnings

Evaluate the generated policy for overly broad access and include warnings in the output to the user. These do not block generation, but the user must see them.

| Condition | Warning to show |

|-----------|----------------|

| L4-only (no protocol) | "This policy allows all HTTP methods and paths without inspection. The proxy will only check host:port and binary identity. Consider adding protocol: rest with a preset if you want method-level control." |

| access: full | "This policy allows all HTTP methods (including DELETE) on all paths. If you don't need DELETE, read-write is safer. If you only need to read, read-only is the most restrictive option." |

| access: full + enforcement: audit | "Full access in audit mode provides no actual restriction — all traffic flows through. This is effectively a monitoring-only policy." |

| access: read-write when user hasn't confirmed write need | "This policy allows POST, PUT, and PATCH on all paths. If you only need to read data, read-only is more restrictive." |

| Wildcard binary (* or ** in binary path) | "This policy allows any binary matching the glob pattern. A compromised or unexpected binary in that directory could use this policy. Consider listing specific binary paths." |

| path glob on all explicit rules | "All rules use path patterns, which match any URL path. This is equivalent to a preset — consider using access: read-only (or similar) for clarity, or narrowing paths if you know the API structure." |

| Multiple broad endpoints in one policy | "This policy grants the same broad access to N different hosts. If any of these hosts needs tighter restrictions later, you'll need to split the policy." |

| Hostless allowed_ips (no host field) | "This endpoint has no host — any domain resolving to the allowed IP range on this port will be permitted. Consider adding a host field to restrict which domains can use this allowlist." |

| Broad CIDR in allowed_ips (e.g., 10.0.0.0/8) | "This allowed_ips entry covers a very broad range. Consider narrowing to a specific subnet (e.g., 10.0.5.0/24) to minimize exposure." |

| on_error: fail_open | "This middleware can be bypassed when it is unavailable, rejects configuration, returns an invalid result, or exceeds its body limit. Use fail_closed unless availability is more important than this control." |

| Broad middleware host selector | "This middleware applies independently of the admitting network rule to every matching HTTP destination. Narrow endpoints.include or add exclusions if the stage is not required for every matching host." |

Format breadth warnings clearly in the output, e.g.:

⚠️ Breadth warning: This policy uses `access: full`, which allows all HTTP
methods (including DELETE) on all paths. If you don't need DELETE, consider
using `read-write` instead.

If there are no breadth warnings, say so explicitly: "No breadth concerns — this policy is well-scoped."

Step 7: Determine Output Mode

The policy needs to go somewhere. Determine which mode applies:

| Signal | Mode |

|--------|------|

| User names an existing policy file (e.g., "add to my-sandbox-policy.yaml") | Update existing file |

| User says "update my policy", "add this to my policy file" | Update existing file — ask which file to update |

| User asks to modify an existing policy rule by name | Update existing file — edit the named policy in place |

| User says "create a new policy file" or names a file that doesn't exist | Create new file |

| No file context given | Present only — show the YAML and ask if the user wants it written to a file |

Mode A: Update an Existing Policy File

• Read the existing file to understand current state:
• What policies already exist under network_policies
• What the filesystem_policy, landlock, and process sections look like
• Whether the file uses compact ({ host: ..., port: ... }) or expanded YAML style

• Check for conflicts:
• Does a policy with the same key already exist? If so, ask the user whether to replace it, merge new endpoints/binaries into it, or use a different key.
• Does an existing endpoint selector overlap the new selector? Compatible overlaps are allowed and can intentionally aggregate allow and deny rules. Reject or revise equally specific overlaps that disagree on connection or request-processing metadata, including TLS, destination constraints, protocol/parser behavior, enforcement, or credential handling. A more-specific path selector may override broader request-processing metadata.

• Apply the change:
• Adding a new policy: Insert the new policy block under network_policies, maintaining the file's existing indentation and style.
• Modifying an existing policy: Edit the specific policy in place — add/remove endpoints, change access presets, update rules, add binaries, etc.
• Removing a policy: Delete the policy block if the user asks.

• Preserve everything else: Do not modify filesystem_policy, landlock, process, or other policies unless the user explicitly asks.

Mode B: Create a New Policy File

Generate a complete, standalone policy file. Use the full schema scaffolding:

version: 1

filesystem_policy:
  include_workdir: true
  read_only:
    - /usr
    - /lib
    - /proc
    - /dev/urandom
    - /app
    - /etc
    - /var/log
  read_write:
    - /sandbox
    - /tmp
    - /dev/null

landlock:
  compatibility: best_effort

network_policies:
  # <generated policies go here>

The filesystem_policy and landlock sections above are sensible defaults.

Process identity is omitted so the selected compute driver can choose it. For

Docker and Podman, each omitted identity field falls back to the image's OCI

USER. Tell the user these are defaults and may need adjustment for their

environment. Gateway inference is configured separately through `openshell

inference set/get. The generated network_policies` block is the primary

output.

If the user provides a file path, write to it. Otherwise, ask where to place it. A common convention is a project-local policy file (e.g., sandbox-policy.yaml) passed to openshell sandbox create --policy <path> or set via the OPENSHELL_SANDBOX_POLICY env var.

Mode C: Present Only (no file write)

Show the generated policy YAML with:

• Summary — what the policy allows and denies, in plain language
• The YAML — the complete network_policies block, ready to paste
• Integration guidance:
• Save to a local file and pass via openshell sandbox create --policy <path> or set OPENSHELL_SANDBOX_POLICY=<path>
• For production: configure via the gateway
• Caveats — any assumptions made, anything the user should verify

Step 8: Confirm and Refine

After presenting or applying the policy, ask if the user wants to:

• Tighten or loosen any rules
• Add more endpoints or binaries
• Switch between enforce/audit mode
• Move from a preset to explicit rules (or vice versa)
• Apply the policy to a file (if presented only)
• Create additional policies for other APIs

Quick Reference: Common Patterns

L4-Only (no HTTP inspection)

my_api:
  name: my_api
  endpoints:
    - { host: api.example.com, port: 443 }
  binaries:
    - { path: /usr/bin/curl }

HTTPS API with Read-Only Preset

my_api_readonly:
  name: my_api_readonly
  endpoints:
    - host: api.example.com
      port: 443
      protocol: rest
      tls: terminate
      enforcement: enforce
      access: read-only
  binaries:
    - { path: /usr/bin/curl }

HTTPS API with Explicit Rules

my_api_custom:
  name: my_api_custom
  endpoints:
    - host: api.example.com
      port: 443
      protocol: rest
      tls: terminate
      enforcement: enforce
      rules:
        - allow:
            method: GET
            path: "/api/v1/**"
        - allow:
            method: POST
            path: "/api/v1/data"
  binaries:
    - { path: /usr/bin/curl }
    - { path: /usr/local/bin/myapp }

HTTP (non-TLS) Internal API

internal_svc:
  name: internal_svc
  endpoints:
    - host: api.internal.svc
      port: 8080
      protocol: rest
      enforcement: enforce
      rules:
        - allow:
            method: GET
            path: "/health"
        - allow:
            method: POST
            path: "/api/v1/jobs"
  binaries:
    - { path: /usr/bin/curl }

Private IP Access (Host + Allowlist)

internal_db:
  name: internal_db
  endpoints:
    - host: db.internal.corp
      port: 5432
      allowed_ips:
        - "10.0.5.0/24"
  binaries:
    - { path: /usr/bin/curl }

Private IP Access (Hostless — Any Domain in Range)

private_services:
  name: private_services
  endpoints:
    - port: 8080
      allowed_ips:
        - "10.0.5.0/24"
        - "10.0.6.0/24"
  binaries:
    - { path: /usr/bin/curl }

Additional Resources

• Full policy schema: docs/reference/policy-schema.mdx
• Enforcement overview: architecture/security-policy.md
• Default policy: baked into the community base image (ghcr.io/nvidia/openshell-community/sandboxes/base:latest)
• Rego evaluation rules: sandbox-policy.rego
• For translation examples from real API docs, see examples.md