Qa Manual Istqb

QA Test Design & ISTQB Artifacts

Complete ISTQB Foundation Level (CTFL) aligned workflow for QA test engineers covering:

Test Planning → Test Analysis → Test Design → Test Implementation → Test Execution → Test Completion

When to Use This Skill

• Drafting ready-to-fill QA deliverables from requirements, user stories, or acceptance criteria
• Creating or reviewing test plans and test strategies
• Generating test conditions and test cases from requirements
• Applying test design techniques (EP, BVA, decision tables, state transitions, use cases)
• Writing bug reports and managing defect lifecycle
• Building regression suites with risk-based selection
• Creating traceability matrices (requirements ↔ tests ↔ defects)
• Conducting exploratory testing sessions with charters
• Estimating test effort using ISTQB techniques
• Reviewing testware through static testing practices
• Selecting automation candidates and preparing traceable Playwright scaffolds

Do NOT Use For

• Authoring/maintaining versioned Playwright spec code (use playwright-e2e-testing).
• Selenium/Java test authoring (use webapp-selenium-testing).
• Driving a live browser to debug (use playwright-cli) or governing an existing regression suite's CI (use playwright-regression-testing).
• Adversarial strategy critique — that is the grill-me-qa skill's purpose; this skill produces artifacts, it does not interrogate them.

Prerequisites

| Requirement | Notes |

| ----------- | ----------------------------------------------- |

| Node.js 18+ | Required for CLI script and Playwright |

| Playwright | npm init playwright@latest for automation |

| Text editor | For creating/editing markdown and CSV artifacts |

| Git | Recommended for testware version control |

Quick Start (choose one)

• Create a test plan: use templates/test-plan.md as a starting point.
• Create a test summary report: use templates/test-summary-report.md.
• Generate test cases: use templates/test-cases.csv and fill it from the test basis (requirements, user stories, acceptance criteria).
• Create a bug report: use templates/bug-report.md.
• Create a bug log: use templates/bug-log.csv.
• Create traceability: use templates/traceability-matrix.csv.
• Build a regression suite definition: use templates/regression-suite.md.
• Scaffold Playwright tests: use templates/playwright-spec.ts and adapt to the system under test.
• Run exploratory testing: use templates/exploratory-charter.md to timebox and capture outcomes.

If running locally, generate artifacts with the bundled CLI:

node scripts/qa_artifacts.mjs list
node scripts/qa_artifacts.mjs create test-plan --out specs --project "My App" --release "R1"
node scripts/qa_artifacts.mjs create test-cases --out specs --feature "Checkout"
node scripts/qa_artifacts.mjs create bug-report --out specs/bugs --title "Search returns 500"

Inputs to collect (ask if missing)

• Test basis: requirements, user stories, acceptance criteria, designs, risk register, defect history.
• Scope: in-scope/out-of-scope features, target platforms/browsers/devices, locales, accessibility, integrations.
• Quality risks: what can fail, impact, likelihood, regulatory/compliance, critical user journeys.
• Constraints: deadlines, environments, data availability, tooling, access/roles, CI/CD expectations.
• Definitions: severity vs priority scale, test levels and test types to cover, entry/exit criteria.

Workflows

1) Create a test plan (and/or test strategy)

• Identify test objectives, scope, assumptions, and constraints from the test basis.
• Define test levels and types (functional + change-related + key non-functional, as applicable).
• Choose test design techniques per area (see references/test-design-techniques.md).
• Specify environments, test data, tooling, and configuration management needs.
• Define entry/exit criteria, deliverables, and reporting cadence/metrics.
• Add a risk matrix and mitigation actions; prioritize testing accordingly (risk-based testing).

Use: templates/test-plan.md (detailed sections + checklists).

2) Generate test conditions and test cases

• Convert the test basis into test conditions (what to test) before writing step-by-step cases.
• For each condition, pick a technique:
• Equivalence partitions and boundary values for inputs/validation.
• Decision tables for rule combinations.
• State transitions for lifecycle/flows.
• Use-case/scenario tests for end-to-end journeys.
• Exploratory testing sessions to learn quickly (see templates/exploratory-charter.md).
• Write test cases that are atomic, unambiguous, and traceable to requirement/user story IDs.
• Add expected results that are observable and measurable (define the test oracle).
• Add priority and risk tags to support risk-based regression selection.
• Mark automation candidates using stability + value criteria (see references/automation-playwright-best-practices.md).

Use: templates/test-cases.csv.

3) Prepare automation candidates and Playwright scaffolds

• Select candidates using stability, value, and risk criteria (see references/automation-playwright-best-practices.md).
• Create a traceable scaffold from templates/playwright-spec.ts, including the test case ID and suite tags.
• Use playwright-e2e-testing to implement and maintain the versioned UI spec, fixtures, and test infrastructure.

4) Build and maintain regression suites

• Define suite tiers (example): smoke (critical paths), sanity (build verification), regression (broad), full (release).
• Select tests using risk + frequency + criticality + defect history (not only coverage).
• Tag tests consistently and document selection rules and ownership.
• Review the suite regularly: remove obsolete coverage, add coverage for escaped defects and high-risk changes.

Use: templates/regression-suite.md and references/regression-suite-strategy.md.

5) Create bug reports and document bugs effectively

• Reproduce reliably; reduce to minimal steps; note variability (frequency) and scope.
• Capture environment details (build/app version, OS, browser/device, account/role, data conditions).
• Describe expected vs actual behavior; include impact; set severity and priority consistently.
• Attach evidence (screenshots, console logs, network traces, Playwright trace) and link related tests/requirements.
• Track lifecycle: triage notes, owner, fix version, verification steps and results, closure criteria.

Use: templates/bug-report.md and references/bug-report-quality.md.

6) Conduct static testing (reviews)

• Schedule reviews early (shift-left): requirements, designs, test plans, test cases.
• Use checklists for consistency (see references/static-testing.md).
• Document findings with severity and actionability.
• Track defects found in static testing separately (prevention vs detection).

Use: references/static-testing.md for review checklists and techniques.

7) Estimate test effort

• Identify factors: scope, complexity, risk, team experience, tool maturity.
• Apply estimation techniques (see references/test-estimation.md):
• Expert judgment / historical data
• Test point analysis
• Work breakdown structure
• Add contingency for risks and unknowns.
• Review and refine estimates as the project progresses.

Use: references/test-estimation.md for techniques and formulas.

8) Monitor test progress and metrics

• Track execution metrics: planned vs executed vs passed vs failed vs blocked.
• Monitor defect metrics: found vs fixed vs open, by severity/priority.
• Calculate test coverage: requirements covered, risk areas tested.
• Report status regularly and escalate blockers early.

Use: references/test-monitoring-metrics.md for metrics definitions and dashboards.

Quality Gates (self-check)

• Test plan includes scope, approach, risks, environments, entry/exit criteria, deliverables, and metrics.
• Test cases are traceable, atomic, deterministic, and include clear oracles and data.
• Automation is maintainable (stable locators, minimal flake, independent tests, clear assertions).
• Regression is risk-based, tagged, and curated with clear add/remove rules.
• Bug reports are reproducible, actionable, and contain evidence + environment + impact.
• Static testing reviews are documented with findings tracked to resolution.
• Estimates include contingency and are refined as scope clarifies.

Troubleshooting

| Problem | Cause | Solution |

| ---------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |

| Test cases lack traceability | Missing requirement IDs | Add requirement_id column; link to user stories/ACs |

| Bug reports get rejected | Insufficient reproduction steps | Use minimal steps; include exact data and environment |

| Regression suite too slow | Too many tests, no prioritization | Apply risk-based selection; tier into smoke/sanity/full |

| Flaky automated tests | Unstable locators or timing | Use data-testid; avoid sleeps; use Playwright auto-waits |

| Test estimates are wrong | Scope creep, missing risks | Add contingency; re-estimate when scope changes |

| Reviews find no defects | Superficial review | Use checklists; allocate sufficient time; rotate reviewers |

| Unclear test oracles | Missing expected results | Define oracles from requirements, rules, or reference systems |

Bundled Resources

Templates (templates/)

| Template | Purpose |

| ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |

| test-plan.md | ISTQB-aligned test plan structure |

| test-summary-report.md | End-of-cycle summary and sign-off |

| test-cases.csv | Test case repository with traceability |

| test-conditions.md | Test conditions derived from test basis |

| traceability-matrix.csv | Requirements ↔ tests ↔ defects mapping |

| bug-report.md | Detailed defect report |

| bug-log.csv | Defect tracking log |

| regression-suite.md | Suite definition and selection rules |

| exploratory-charter.md | Session-based exploratory testing |

| playwright-spec.ts | Playwright test scaffold |

| test-environment-checklist.md | Environment readiness verification |

| risk-assessment-matrix.md | Quality risk identification and prioritization |

References (references/)

| Reference | Content |

| ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |

| test-design-techniques.md | EP, BVA, decision tables, state transitions, use cases |

| experience-based-techniques.md | Error guessing, checklist-based, exploratory |

| static-testing.md | Reviews, walkthroughs, inspections |

| test-levels-types.md | Unit, integration, system, acceptance; functional, non-functional |

| test-estimation.md | Estimation techniques and factors |

| test-monitoring-metrics.md | Progress tracking and quality metrics |

| risk-based-testing.md | Risk identification, analysis, mitigation |

| istqb-glossary.md | Key ISTQB terminology |

| test-process-and-deliverables.md | Test process phases and outputs |

| automation-playwright-best-practices.md | Playwright implementation guidance |

| regression-suite-strategy.md | Suite management and optimization |

| bug-report-quality.md | Effective defect reporting |

| defect-lifecycle.md | Defect states and workflow |

Scripts (scripts/)

| Script | Purpose |

| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------ |

| qa_artifacts.mjs | CLI tool to generate QA artifacts from templates |

Red Flags

• Generating test cases with no link back to a requirement or risk — untraceable coverage is theatre.
• Bug reports missing repro steps, expected vs actual, or environment — unusable for developers.
• Regression suites selected by gut feel instead of risk/change analysis — wasted effort and missed regressions.
• Test plans with no entry/exit criteria or effort estimate — execution cannot be governed.
• Confusing this artifact-producing skill with strategy critique (use grill-me-qa for adversarial review).

Verification

• [ ] Test cases follow ISTQB structure — Each case has: ID, description, preconditions, steps, expected result (actual result populated after execution)
• [ ] Coverage matrix maintained — Requirements mapped to test cases; no uncovered requirements
• [ ] Traceability maintained — Each test case links to a requirement or user story