Kubernetes Patterns

Kubernetes Patterns

Deploy and manage production Kubernetes clusters.

Core Objects

Workloads

| Object | Use Case | Scaling |

|--------|----------|---------|

| Deployment | Stateless apps | Replicas, HPA |

| StatefulSet | Stateful apps (DBs) | Stable network IDs |

| DaemonSet | Per-node agents (logging, monitoring) | Node count |

| Job/CronJob | Batch tasks, scheduled jobs | Completion |

Networking

• Service: Stable endpoint for pods (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer)
• Ingress: HTTP routing, TLS termination, path-based routing
• Network Policies: Pod-level firewall rules

Production Best Practices

Resource Management

resources:
  requests:
    cpu: 100m
    memory: 128Mi
  limits:
    cpu: 500m
    memory: 256Mi

• Always set requests AND limits
• Use LimitRange for namespace defaults
• Use ResourceQuota for namespace caps

Pod Anti-Affinity

Spread pods across nodes for HA.

Readiness & Liveness Probes

• Readiness: traffic starts flowing
• Liveness: pod gets restarted
• Startup: for slow-starting containers

RBAC

• Least-privilege service accounts per app
• Namespace-scoped roles (not cluster-wide)
• Regularly audit permissions
• Use groups, not individual users

Autoscaling

• HPA: scale by CPU/memory or custom metrics
• VPA: adjust resource requests automatically
• Cluster Autoscaler: add/remove nodes
• KEDA: event-driven scaling (SQS queue depth, etc.)