Apollo Federation

Apollo Federation Schema Authoring

Apollo Federation enables composing multiple GraphQL APIs (subgraphs) into a unified supergraph.

Federation 2 Schema Setup

Every Federation 2 subgraph must opt-in via @link:

extend schema
  @link(url: "https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.12",
        import: ["@key", "@shareable", "@external", "@requires", "@provides"])

Import only the directives your subgraph uses. The version shown (v2.12) is

illustrative — check the Federation changelog

for currently supported versions before copying it verbatim.

> A subgraph's @link version is a floor, not the composition version — see

> Federation versions

> for the full explanation.

Core Directives Quick Reference

| Directive | Purpose | Example |

|-----------|---------|---------|

| @key | Define entity with unique key | type Product @key(fields: "id") |

| @shareable | Allow multiple subgraphs to resolve field | type Position @shareable { x: Int! } |

| @external | Reference field from another subgraph | weight: Int @external |

| @requires | Computed field depending on external fields | shippingCost: Int @requires(fields: "weight") |

| @provides | Conditionally resolve external field | @provides(fields: "name") |

| @override | Migrate field to this subgraph | @override(from: "Products") |

| @inaccessible | Hide from API schema | internalId: ID! @inaccessible |

| @interfaceObject | Add fields to entity interface | type Media @interfaceObject |

Reference Files

Detailed documentation for specific topics:

• Directives - All federation directives with syntax, examples, and rules
• Schema Patterns - Multi-subgraph patterns and recipes
• Composition - Composition rules, error codes, and debugging

Key Patterns

Entity Definition

type Product @key(fields: "id") {
  id: ID!
  name: String!
  price: Int
}

Entity Contributions Across Subgraphs

# Products subgraph
type Product @key(fields: "id") {
  id: ID!
  name: String!
  price: Int
}

# Reviews subgraph
type Product @key(fields: "id") {
  id: ID!
  reviews: [Review!]!
  averageRating: Float
}

Computed Fields with @requires

type Product @key(fields: "id") {
  id: ID!
  size: Int @external
  weight: Int @external
  shippingEstimate: String @requires(fields: "size weight")
}

Value Types with @shareable

type Money @shareable {
  amount: Int!
  currency: String!
}

Entity Stub (Reference Without Contributing)

type Product @key(fields: "id", resolvable: false) {
  id: ID!
}

Ground Rules

• ALWAYS use Federation 2.x syntax with @link directive
• ALWAYS import only the directives your subgraph uses
• NEVER use @shareable without ensuring all subgraphs return identical values for that field
• PREFER @key with single ID field for simple entity identification
• USE rover supergraph compose to validate composition locally
• USE rover subgraph check to validate against production supergraph