K8s Troubleshooter

Kubernetes Troubleshooter & Incident Response

Systematic approach to diagnosing and resolving Kubernetes issues in production environments.

Core Troubleshooting Workflow

Follow this systematic approach for any Kubernetes issue:

1. Gather Context

• What is the observed symptom?
• When did it start?
• What changed recently (deployments, config, infrastructure)?
• What is the scope (single pod, service, node, cluster)?
• What is the business impact (severity level)?

2. Initial Triage

Run cluster health check:

# Check node status and health
kubectl get nodes

# Find non-running pods across all namespaces
kubectl get pods -A --field-selector status.phase!=Running

# Check node resource usage
kubectl top nodes

This provides an overview of:

• Node health status
• Pending and failed pods across all namespaces
• Node resource utilization

3. Deep Dive Investigation

Based on triage results, focus investigation:

For Namespace-Level Issues:

python3 scripts/check_namespace.py <namespace>

This provides comprehensive namespace health:

• Pod status (running, pending, failed, crashlooping)
• Service health and endpoints
• Deployment availability
• PVC status
• Resource quota usage
• Recent events
• Actionable recommendations

For Pod Issues:

# Get full pod details (status, events, conditions, resource config)
kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n <namespace>

# Check current and previous container logs
kubectl logs <pod-name> -n <namespace>
kubectl logs <pod-name> -n <namespace> --previous

# Get events specific to the pod
kubectl get events -n <namespace> --field-selector involvedObject.name=<pod-name>

This reveals:

• Pod phase and readiness
• Container statuses and states
• Restart counts and exit codes
• Recent events and scheduling decisions
• Resource requests and limits

For additional investigations:

• Check all namespace events: kubectl get events -n <namespace> --sort-by='.lastTimestamp'

4. Identify Root Cause

Consult references/common_issues.md for detailed information on:

• ImagePullBackOff / ErrImagePull
• CrashLoopBackOff
• Pending Pods
• OOMKilled
• Node issues (NotReady, DiskPressure)
• Networking failures
• Storage/PVC issues
• Resource quotas and throttling
• RBAC permission errors

Each issue includes:

• Symptoms
• Common causes
• Diagnostic commands
• Remediation steps
• Prevention strategies

5. Apply Remediation

Follow remediation steps from common_issues.md based on root cause identified.

Always:

• Test fixes in non-production first if possible
• Document actions taken
• Monitor for effectiveness
• Have rollback plan ready

6. Verify & Monitor

After applying fix:

• Verify issue is resolved
• Monitor for recurrence (15-30 minutes minimum)
• Check related systems
• Update documentation

Incident Response

For production incidents, follow structured response in references/incident_response.md:

Severity Assessment:

• SEV-1 (Critical): Complete outage, data loss, security breach
• SEV-2 (High): Major degradation, significant user impact
• SEV-3 (Medium): Minor impairment, workaround available
• SEV-4 (Low): Cosmetic, minimal impact

Incident Phases:

• Detection - Identify and assess
• Triage - Determine scope and impact
• Investigation - Find root cause
• Resolution - Apply fix
• Post-Incident - Document and improve

Common Incident Scenarios:

• Complete cluster outage
• Service degradation
• Node failure
• Storage issues
• Security incidents

See references/incident_response.md for detailed playbooks.

Quick Reference Commands

Cluster Overview

kubectl cluster-info
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces | grep -v Running
kubectl get events --all-namespaces --sort-by='.lastTimestamp' | tail -20

Pod Diagnostics

kubectl describe pod <pod> -n <namespace>
kubectl logs <pod> -n <namespace>
kubectl logs <pod> -n <namespace> --previous
kubectl exec -it <pod> -n <namespace> -- /bin/sh
kubectl get pod <pod> -n <namespace> -o yaml

Node Diagnostics

kubectl describe node <node>
kubectl top nodes
kubectl top pods --all-namespaces
ssh <node> "systemctl status kubelet"
ssh <node> "journalctl -u kubelet -n 100"

Service & Network

kubectl describe svc <service> -n <namespace>
kubectl get endpoints <service> -n <namespace>
kubectl get networkpolicies --all-namespaces

Storage

kubectl get pvc,pv --all-namespaces
kubectl describe pvc <pvc> -n <namespace>
kubectl get storageclass

Resource & Configuration

kubectl describe resourcequota -n <namespace>
kubectl describe limitrange -n <namespace>
kubectl get rolebindings,clusterrolebindings -n <namespace>

Diagnostic Scripts

check_namespace.py

Namespace-level health check and diagnostics:

• Pod health (running, pending, failed, crashlooping, image pull errors)
• Service health and endpoints
• Deployment availability status
• PersistentVolumeClaim status
• Resource quota usage and limits
• Recent namespace events
• Health status assessment
• Actionable recommendations

Usage:

# Human-readable output
python3 scripts/check_namespace.py <namespace>

# JSON output for automation
python3 scripts/check_namespace.py <namespace> --json

# Include more events
python3 scripts/check_namespace.py <namespace> --events 20

Best used when troubleshooting issues in a specific namespace or assessing overall namespace health.

Cluster-Level Diagnostics (kubectl)

For cluster-wide health checks, use kubectl directly:

# Node health and status
kubectl get nodes
kubectl top nodes

# Find non-running pods across all namespaces
kubectl get pods -A --field-selector status.phase!=Running

# System pod health
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

Pod-Level Diagnostics (kubectl)

For detailed pod investigation, use kubectl directly:

# Full pod details (status, events, conditions, resource config)
kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n <namespace>

# Current and previous container logs
kubectl logs <pod-name> -n <namespace>
kubectl logs <pod-name> -n <namespace> --previous

# Events specific to the pod
kubectl get events -n <namespace> --field-selector involvedObject.name=<pod-name>

Reference Documentation

references/common_issues.md

Comprehensive guide to common Kubernetes issues with:

• Detailed symptom descriptions
• Root cause analysis
• Step-by-step diagnostic procedures
• Remediation instructions
• Prevention strategies

Covers:

• Pod issues (ImagePullBackOff, CrashLoopBackOff, Pending, OOMKilled)
• Node issues (NotReady, DiskPressure)
• Networking issues (pod-to-pod communication, service access)
• Storage issues (PVC pending, volume mount failures)
• Resource issues (quota exceeded, CPU throttling)
• Security issues (vulnerabilities, RBAC)

Read this when you identify a specific issue type but need detailed remediation steps.

references/incident_response.md

Structured incident response framework including:

• Incident response phases (Detection → Triage → Investigation → Resolution → Post-Incident)
• Severity level definitions
• Detailed playbooks for common incident scenarios
• Communication guidelines
• Post-incident review template
• Best practices for prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery

Read this when responding to production incidents or planning incident response procedures.

references/performance_troubleshooting.md

Comprehensive performance diagnosis and optimization guide covering:

• High Latency Issues - API response time, request latency troubleshooting
• CPU Performance - Throttling detection, profiling, optimization
• Memory Performance - OOM issues, leak detection, heap profiling
• Network Performance - Latency, packet loss, DNS resolution
• Storage I/O Performance - Disk performance testing, optimization
• Application-Level Metrics - Prometheus integration, distributed tracing
• Cluster-Wide Performance - Control plane, scheduler, resource utilization

Read this when:

• Investigating slow application response times
• Diagnosing CPU or memory performance issues
• Troubleshooting network latency or connectivity
• Optimizing storage I/O performance
• Setting up performance monitoring

references/helm_troubleshooting.md

Complete guide to Helm troubleshooting including:

• Release Issues - Stuck releases, missing resources, state problems
• Installation Failures - Chart conflicts, validation errors, template rendering
• Upgrade and Rollback - Failed upgrades, immutable field errors, rollback procedures
• Values and Configuration - Values not applied, parsing errors, secret handling
• Chart Dependencies - Dependency updates, version conflicts, subchart values
• Hooks and Lifecycle - Hook failures, cleanup issues
• Repository Issues - Chart access problems, version mismatches

Read this when:

• Working with Helm-deployed applications
• Troubleshooting chart installations or upgrades
• Debugging Helm release states
• Managing chart dependencies